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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 17.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019 Apr 2;11(15):13973–13983. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b01406

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Inspired by the distinctive structures of intestinal microvilli (a), which are densely packed on the intestinal walls to increase their intestinal mucosal surface areas for enhanced absorption, we designed and tested a biostructure-inspired NanoVilli Chip (b) featuring densely packed anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (anti-EpCAM)-grafted silicon (Si) nanowire arrays to achieve highly efficient and reproducible immunoaffinity capture of tumor-derived EVs. A NanoVilli Chip is composed of (i) an anti-EpCAM-grafted Si nanowire substrate (SiNWS) and (ii) a superimposed PDMS-based chaotic mixer. Captured tumor-derived EVs were lysed in the device to release EV-derived RNA, which was extracted for downstream analysis via RT-ddPCR. We utilize this workflow to detect gene alterations such as ROS1 rearrangements or EGFR T790M mutations in NSCLC quantitatively.