Fig. 2.

Change from baseline in urinary excretion rate of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) (a) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) (b) in a randomized cross-over study of 24 healthy subjects. Values represent changes form baseline (0–90 min) to the period just after 3% saline infusion (150–180 min). The highest increase in u-NGAL and u-KIM-1 after 3% saline and placebo was observed in this period. Data are shown as means ± SD. P-value represents difference in response between treatments. * = p <  0.05 vs baseline. Statistics are performed a paired t-test