. 2019 Jun 3;20:200. doi: 10.1186/s12882-019-1342-x

Table 3.

Effect of hypertonic saline and furosemide on GFR and tubular function in a randomized, cross-over study of 24 healthy subjects

Period	Baseline	Hypertonic saline infusion	Post hypertonic saline infusion
	0–90 min	90–150 min	150–180 min	180–210 min	210–240 min	240–300 min	P (GLM within)
GFR (⁵¹Cr-EDTA clearance)
Placebo	104 ± 14	102 ± 15	107 ± 15	110 ± 15^*	111 ± 23^*	112 ± 15^*	0.001
Furosemide	104 ± 12	103 ± 13	103 ± 18	93 ± 14^*	93 ± 14^*	98 ± 12	0.001
P (GLM between)	0.089
Urine output (mL/min)
Placebo	9.8 ± 1.5	3.5 ± 1.6^*	2.7 ± 1.3^*	2.7 ± 0.8^*	3.3 ± 1.4^*	4.7 ± 2.2^*	< 0.001
Furosemide	9.1 ± 2.2	23.1 ± 2.6^*	10.1 ± 3.1	4.3 ± 1.8^*	2.4 ± 0.9^*	2.0 ± 1.2^*	< 0.001
P (GLM between)	< 0.001
C_H2O (ml/min)
Placebo	6.6 ± 1.3	−0.4 ± 1.4^*	−2.2 ± 1.2^*	−2.4 ± 1.0^*	−1.8 ± 1.6^*	0.0 ± 2.1^*	0.001
Furosemide	6.1 ± 2.0	1.1 ± 1.1^*	−2.0 ± 0.7^*	−1.8 ± 0.5^*	−1.5 ± 0.5^*	−1.1 ± 0.6^*	0.001
P (GLM between)	0.597
U-Na (μmol/min)
Placebo	200 ± 94	361 ± 146^*	501 ± 234^*	531 ± 182^*	511 ± 161^*	466 ± 106^*	< 0.001
Furosemide	162 ± 78	2865 ± 342^*	1515 ± 3.81^*	659 ± 274^*	377 ± 158^*	273 ± 141^*	< 0.001
P (GLM between)	< 0.001
FE_Na (%)
Placebo	1.38 ± 0.63	2.46 ± 0.85^*	3.28 ± 1.49^*	3.36 ± 0.89^*	3.26 ± 0.81^*	3.00 ± 0.69^*	< 0.001
Furosemide	1.13 ± 0.55	19.81 ± 3.11^*	10.66 ± 3.81^*	5.03 ± 1.97^*	3.03 ± 1.59^*	2.05 ± 1.31^*	< 0.001
P (GLM between)	< 0.001
U-Cl (μmol/min)
Placebo	239 ± 84	379 ± 146^*	537 ± 261^*	575 ± 201^*	558 ± 185^*	502 ± 122^*	< 0.001
Furosemide	212 ± 61	3083 ± 356^*	1679 ± 462^*	763 ± 298^*	441 ± 177^*	310 ± 156^*	< 0.001
P (GLM between)	< 0.001
FE_K (%)
Placebo	21.1 ± 6.2	18.1 ± 7.1^*	21.6 ± 17.0	23.1 ± 10.0	22.7 ± 8.0	21.9 ± 7.8	< 0.001
Furosemide	24.0 ± 9.2	64.9 ± 15.2^*	44.6 ± 14.7^*	34.6 ± 16.6^*	27.4 ± 11.4	23.8 ± 10.5	< 0.001
P (GLM between)	< 0.001
U-osmolality (μmol//min)
Placebo	899 ± 205	1103 ± 304^*	1416 ± 592^*	1485 ± 403^*	1446 ± 351^*	1351 ± 260^*	< 0.001
Furosemide	831 ± 124	6293 ± 684^*	3514 ± 881^*	1746 ± 602^*	1129 ± 323^*	905 ± 328	< 0.001
P (GLM between)	< 0.001

GFR Glomerular filtration rate, urine output, C_H2O free water clearance, u-Na/min urinary sodium excretion, FE_Na fractional excretion of sodium, u-Cl/min urinary chloride excretion and FE_K fractional excretion of potassium, Urine was collected every 30 min in the 90 min baseline period, once after 60 min of hypertonic infusion, and every 30 min 90 min after hypertonic saline infusion and once 150 min after cessation of hypertonic saline infusion. Data from three baseline periods are pooled and shown as one period. Data are presented as means ± SD. Statistics are performed with a general linear model (GLM) or paired t-test. Difference from baseline: * = p < 0.05