Fig. 5.

Genome-wide DNA methylation pattern of glioblastoma. The genomes of long-term survivors in glioblastoma are differentially methylated relative to short-term survival patients depending on CpG density: hypermethylation near CpG islands (CGIs) and hypomethylation far from CGIs (open sea). The hypermethylation at CGIs frequently occurs around regions with histone marks of active transcription such as H3K27ac, correlating with downregulation of gene expression in cancer progression pathways. The hypomethylated region at open sea are enriched with a histone mark of heterochromatin, H3K9me3. The rate of de novo mutation is high in this region when it is methylated, implying survival advantage of hypomethylation of the region in glioblastoma. In the figure, we highlighted genic regions such as first exon and gene body to emphasize potential effect of perturbed DNA methylation in glioblastoma