. 2019 Jun 3;10:158. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1276-z

Table 4.

Extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells promote angiogenesis in stroke

EVs source	EVs type	EVs isolation	Experimental model (target cells/animal models)	Functional cargo	Molecules/pathways activated	Key functions/downstream genes	Reference
BM-MSCs	Unclear	0.22-μm pore membrane filtration PEG ultrafiltration Centrifugation	In vivo (male C57BL6 mice/MCAO model)	/	/	Formation of new endothelial cells	Doeppner et al. [12]
BM-MSCs	Exosomes	0.2-μm pore membrane filtration Differential centrifugation Ultracentrifugation	In vivo (male Wistar rats/MCAO model)	/	/	Promote angiogenesis after stroke	Xin et al. [118]
ADSCs	Exosomes	Total exosome isolation kit	In vitro (BMECs) In vivo (male Wistar rats/MCAO model)	miR-181b-5p	TRPM7 axis	TRPM7↓→HIF-1α and VEGF↑ TIMP3↓	Yang et al. [119]

EVs source

EVs type

EVs isolation

Experimental model (target cells/animal models)

Functional cargo

Molecules/pathways activated

Key functions/downstream genes

Reference

BM-MSCs

Unclear

0.22-μm pore membrane filtration

PEG ultrafiltration

Centrifugation

In vivo (male C57BL6 mice/MCAO model)

Formation of new endothelial cells

Doeppner et al. [12]

BM-MSCs

Exosomes

0.2-μm pore membrane filtration

Differential centrifugation

Ultracentrifugation

In vivo (male Wistar rats/MCAO model)

Promote angiogenesis after stroke

Xin et al. [118]

ADSCs

Exosomes

Total exosome isolation kit

In vitro (BMECs)

In vivo (male Wistar rats/MCAO model)

miR-181b-5p

TRPM7 axis

TRPM7↓→HIF-1α and VEGF↑ TIMP3↓

Yang et al. [119]

Abbreviation: BM-MSCs bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells, ADSCs adipose-derived stem cells, MCAO middle cerebral artery occlusion model, TRPM7 transient receptor potential melastatin 7, HIF-1a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor