Table 3.
Family Food Environment factor differences by child BMI category (MANOVA)
| Family Food Environment Factors* | Normal Weight (n = 586) Means (SD) |
Overweight (n = 109) Means (SD) |
Obese (n = 62) Means (SD) |
Sig. (p value) | Partial n2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor 1: Negative feeding strategies1 | −0.021 (1.0) | − 0.056 (0.95) | 0.296 (0.98) | 0.046 | 0.008 |
| Factor 2: Negative Nutrition Related Beliefs2 | −0.065 (1.0) | 0.239 (0.98) | 0.196 (1.13) | 0.004 | 0.015 |
| Factor 3: High Resources3 | −0.009 (1.0) | 0.132 (0.87) | −0.136 (1.15) | 0.209 | 0.004 |
| Factor 4: High Skill4 | 0.011 (0.99) | −0.072 (1.05) | 0.033 (1.03) | 0.658 | 0.001 |
| Factor 5: Health Focused Restriction5 | −0.000 (1.02) | −0.048 (0.97) | 0.088 (0.87) | 0.690 | 0.001 |
| Factor 6: Family Meals6 | −0.000 (1.00) | 0.027 (0.97) | −0.041 (1.01) | 0.901 | 0.000 |
| Factor 7: TV and Devices7 | 0.045 (1.01) | −0.106 (1.03) | − 0.238 (0.83) | 0.049 | 0.008 |
| Factor 8: Parent’s Nutrition Knowledge8 | 0.021 (0.98) | 0.065 (1.05) | −0.311 (1.02) | 0.032 | 0.009 |
*Factor characteristics:
1: Food as a reward for eating, Food as a reward for behaviour, Parent use of Persuasive feeding, Parent use of Overt restriction, Structured Meal setting,
2: Belief: Healthy Eating is expensive, Belief: It takes too long to prepare healthy food, Belief: Healthy Food doesn’t taste good, Availability of fruit and vegetables, Sufficient money to buy food each week (negatively loaded)
3: Suitable cooking facilities, Suitable food storage, Sufficient money to buy food each week
4: Parent’s shopping skills, Parent’s cooking skills, Availability of fruit and vegetables (negatively loaded)
5: Belief: Healthy eating is important, Parent use of Covert restriction, Parent use of Overt restriction, Structured Meal timing,
6: Single Family Meal, Structured Meal setting, Structured Meal timing (negatively loaded), Frequency of Family Meals per week, Family use of TV/devices during meals (negatively loaded)
7: Structured Meal timing (negatively loaded), Family use of TV/devices during meals, Child use of TV/devices during meals, Adult use of TV/devices during meals, Availability of fruit and vegetables
8: Parent use of Persuasive feeding (negatively loaded), Parent Total Nutrition Knowledge, Family use of TV/devices during meals (negatively loaded)