Table 1.
Baseline Clinical and Demographic Characteristics in Patients With and Without CI-AKI
| Variables | Total | CI-AKI(−) | CI-AKI(+) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 363) | (n = 304) | (n = 59) | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 64.07 ± 12.52 | 63.39 ± 12.29 | 67.58 ± 13.18 | 0.019 |
| Age > 75 years, n (%) | 72 (19.8%) | 52 (17.1%) | 20 (33.9%) | 0.003 |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 56 (15.4%) | 47 (15.5%) | 9 (15.3%) | 0.968 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Smoker | 207 (57.0%) | 173 (56.9%) | 34 (57.6%) | 0.919 |
| Prior PCI, n (%) | 9 (2.5%) | 7 (2.3%) | 2 (3.4%) | 0.644 |
| Prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 7 (1.9%) | 5 (1.6%) | 2 (3.4%) | 0.318 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 218 (60.1%) | 181 (59.5%) | 37 (62.7%) | 0.649 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 99 (27.3%) | 79 (26.0%) | 20 (33.9%) | 0.212 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 103 (28.6%) | 85 (28.2%) | 18 (30.5%) | 0.724 |
| Laboratory measurements | ||||
| fT3, pmol/L | 3.67 ± 0.86 | 3.74 ± 0.83 | 3.33 ± 0.94 | 0.001 |
| fT4, pmol/L | 16.06 ± 3.70 | 15.91 ± 3.81 | 16.82 ± 2.95 | 0.085 |
| TSH, mIU/L | 0.77 (0.49–1.31) | 0.77 (0.50–1.26) | 0.79 (0.48–1.59) | 0.770 |
| Low fT3, n (%) | 80 (22.0%) | 55 (18.1%) | 25 (42.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 0.81 (0.69–0.97) | 0.80 (0.68–0.95) | 0.86 (0.75–0.86) | 0.027 |
| Serum creatinine>1.5 mg/dl, n (%) | 15 (3.9%) | 6 (2.0%) | 9 (15.3%) | <0.0001 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2(MDRD) | 98.23 (81.09–118.69) | 99.65 (82.35–119.51) | 89.17 (67.62–110.62) | 0.014 |
| eGFR< 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2(MDRD) | 29 (8.0%) | 18 (5.9%) | 11 (18.6%) | 0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2(CKD-EPI) | 91.21 (78.25–101.78) | 93.78 (79.57–102.11) | 84.83 (61.67–94.93) | 0.002 |
| eGFR< 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2(CKD-EPI) | 34 (9.4%) | 21 (6.9%) | 13 (22.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/l | 139.30 ± 17.33 | 139.83 ± 16.12 | 136.59 ± 22.47 | 0.190 |
| Hematocrit | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.41 ± 0.04 | 0.4 ± 0.06 | 0.691 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.84 ± 1.21 | 4.88 ± 1.20 | 4.63 ± 1.24 | 0.149 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/l | 1.25 (0.90–1.70) | 1.28 (0.91–1.72) | 1.14 (0.85–1.55) | 0.08 |
| LVEF,% | 52.82 ± 8.38 | 53.83 ± 7.67 | 47.04 ± 9.90 | <0.0001 |
| LVEF < 0.45, n (%) | 66 (18.2%) | 44 (14.5%) | 22 (37.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Medication, n (%) | ||||
| Antiplatelet, n (%) | 355 (97.8%) | 298 (98.0%) | 57 (96.6%) | 0.501 |
| Statin, n (%) | 362 (99.7%) | 303 (99.7%) | 59 (100.0%) | 0.659 |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 205 (56.5%) | 158 (52.0%) | 47 (79.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Procedure performed | ||||
| Number of diseased vessels, n | 1.93 ± 1.08 | 1.88 ± 1.10 | 2.19 ± 0.92 | 0.481 |
| Stent length | 33 (23–51) | 28 (23–51) | 33 (23–47) | 0.305 |
| Perioperative hypotension, n (%) | 130 (35.8%) | 95 (31.2%) | 35 (59.3%) | <0.0001 |
| IABP, n (%) | 12 (3.3%) | 5 (1.6%) | 7 (11.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Contrast volume > 200 ml, n (% | 270 (74.4%) | 219 (72.0%) | 51 (86.4%) | 0.020 |
Abbreviations:CI-AKI contrast-induced acute kidney injury, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, fT3 free triiodothyronine, fT4 free thyroxine, TSH thyroid stimulating hormone, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, IABP intra-aortic balloon pump