Figure 5.

Marinobufagenin's effect on proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with zymosan (0.2 mg/mL) and treated with different marinobufagenin concentrations (10, 100, 1000, and 10000 nM). After 24 h of culture, the supernatant was removed for cytokine level quantification (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by ELISA. (a) IL-1β, (b) IL-6, and (c) TNF-α. Numerical data were presented as mean ± e.p.m of two experiments with n = 3 and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey posttest. ^#p < 0.05, significant in relation to the saline group. ^∗p < 0.05, significant in relation to the zymosan group. ZYM: zymosan; MBG: marinobufagenin.