Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies in the meta-analysis.
| Study year: Lead Author |
Sample size (% women) | Country/ Region | Age (y), average (SD and/or range) | Study design | Follow-up (y), median or mean (SD and/or range) | Outcome (number) | Quantile of comparison of highest vs. lowest | Reported risk factor (Lp-PLA2 activity and/or mass; Quantile or 1SD) | History of disease (stroke) in baseline | Study quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARIC Study 2015: Pokharel | 11172 (56) | USA | 63(54-74) | Case-cohort | median 11.9 | Ischemic Stroke (462) | 4 vs. 1 quintile | only activity (both Quintiles and 1SD) | without baseline CHD or ischemic stroke. | 9 |
| ARIC Study 2005: Ballantyne | 960 (54.8) | USA | 57 (45 - 64) | Case-cohort | median 10.6 (1.5-12.7) | Ischemic Stroke (194) | 3 vs. 1 tertile | only mass (tertiles) | without baseline CHD or ischemic stroke. | 9 |
| BLSA 2018: Wang | 1257 (56.2) | China | 69.3 (8.1) (>=55) | Cohort | median 5.0 | all stroke (113) | Lp-PLA2 < 175 vs >=223ng/mL | only mass(3 categories) | without history of stroke or MI. | 9 |
| Bruneck study 2009: Tsimikas | 765 (49.6) | Italy | 62.7 | Cohort | median 10.4 (2.4-10.4) | Ischemic Stroke/TIA (45) | 3 vs. 1 tertile | activity (tertiles and reported plot about RR for 1SD activity and IS/TIA) | without baseline TIA or ischemic stroke. | 9 |
| CATIS 2017:Han | 3401(36.3) | China | 62.5 (10.8) | RCT | 1 | recurrent stroke (162)(all stroke) | 4 vs. 1 quartile | mass (quartiles and 1SD) | with acute ischemic stroke | 6 |
| CHANCE 2015: Lin | 3021 (33.8) | China | 62.6 (10.7) | RCT | within a 3-month period | Ischemic Stroke (291) | - | activity (HR for per 30 nmol/min/mL) | with TIA and minor stroke | 8 |
| CHS 2010: Jenny | 3949 (58.5) | USA | 73 (5) | Cohort | mean 12.3 (4.2) | Ischemic Stroke (565) | 3 vs. 1 tertile | mass (tertiles) and activity (1SD) | without CVD including MI, stroke and/or CVD death | 9 |
| FOS 2016:Shoamanesh | 3224(54) | USA | 61. 6 (9) | Cohort | mean 9.8 (2.2) | Ischemic Stroke (98) | - | activity and mass (1SD) | Without Stroke or TIA | 9 |
| HPS 2010 | 19037 (25) | UK | 64 (8)(40–80) | RCT | mean 5.0 | Ischemic (900)+hemorrhagic (96) stroke | - | activity and mass (1SD) | without stroke or (MI) within the previous 6 months | 8 |
| MDCS 2008: Persson | 5393 (60) | Sweden | 58 (6)(46–68) | Cohort | mean 10.6(1.7) | 1schemic stroke (152) | 3 vs. 1 tertile | activity (tertiles and 1SD); mass (tertiles and 1SD) | without history of MI or stroke. | 9 |
| NOMAS 2006: Elkind | 467 (54.6) | USA | 68.98(12.7) | Cohort | median 4.0 | Recurrent stroke (80) | 4 vs. 1 quartile | only mass (quartiles) | with ischemic stroke in baseline | 7 |
| NOMAS 2009: Elkind | 467 (54.6) | USA | 68.98(12.7) | Cohort | median 4.0 | Recurrent Stroke type unclear (all strokes)(95) | 4 vs. 1 quartile | only activity (quartiles) | with ischemic stroke in baseline | 7 |
| NOMAS 2014: Katan | 1946 (64.4) | USA | 69 (10) | Cohort | median 11 | 1schemic stroke (151) | 4 vs. 1 quartile | activity and mass (IS)(1SD); activity and mass (LAA stroke)(quartiles) |
stroke-free population | 9 |
| NPHS-II 2009: Drenos | 2416 (0) | UK | 56 (4) | Cohort | median 13.8 (4.7-15.4) | Ischemic Stroke (29) | - | activity (1SD) | free of cardiovascular disease | 8 |
| PEACE 2007: Sabatine | 3766 (19) | Multinational | 64 (8) | RCT | median 4.8 | unclassified stroke (87) | 4 vs. 1 quartile | mass (quartiles) | with stable CAD | 6 |
| PROSPER 2010: Caslake | 5804 (52) | UK | aged 70–82 | RCT | mean 3.2(2·8–4·0) | all stroke (fatal plus non-fatal stroke)(179) | 4 vs. 1 quartile | activity (quartiles and 1SD); mass (quartiles and 1SD)) | with stroke or MI or be at high risk of such an event due to a history of hypertension, diabetes or smoking. | 6 |
| PROVE IT-TIMI 22 2006: O'Donoghue | 3648 (52) | Multinational | 58 (11) | RCT | mean 1 (1.5 - 3) | unclassified stroke (30) | 5 vs. 1 quintile | only activity (quartiles) | after ACS | 6 |
| Rotterdam Study 2005:Oei | 7983 (60) | Netherlands | 70(>55) | case-cohort study | median 6.4(1.6-8.3) | Ischemic Stroke (110) | 4 vs. 1 quartile | activity (1SD and quartiles) | without a history of stroke | 9 |
| SPARCL trial 2017: Ganz | 2176(38.6) | Multinational | 62.9(0.2) | case–cohort | median 5.0 | recurrent stroke (562)(all stroke) | - | only mass (1SD) | with Prior Stroke or TIA | 7 |
| STABILITY trial 2016:Wallentin L | 14500 (18.5) | Multinational | 65 | RCT | median 3.7 | all stroke (280) | 4 vs. 1 quartile | only activity (quartiles) | with stable CHD | 6 |
| VA-HIT 2008: Robins | 1451 (0) | USA | 64.1 (7.2) | RCT | mean 5.1 | all kinds of stroke (67) | - | only activity (1SD) | with stable CHD | 6 |
| WHI-OS 2012: Cook | 60890 (100) | USA | 63(50 - 79) | prospective case-cohort | median 9.9 (8.6- 11.8) | Ischemic (754)+hemorrhagic (160) stroke | 4 vs. 1 quartile | activity (quartiles and 1SD); mass (quartiles and 1SD) | without a history of MI, stroke | 8 |
| total | 157,693 | 5,662 | ||||||||
Key: CHD, coronary heart disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; MI, myocardial infarction; IS, ischemic stroke; HS, hemorrhagic stroke; TIA, transient ischemic attack; SD, standard deviation; Unclass, unclassified. All kinds of stroke: all stroke included Ischemic Stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and unclassified stroke.