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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: Am Nat. 2019 Mar 14;193(5):725–737. doi: 10.1086/702848

Table 3:

Effects on growth, begging, and body mass of nestlings, and on parental provisioning

Nestling growth, days 2−5 F df P

 Food treatment 2.48 2, 198 .086
 Corticosterone treatment .01 2, 154 .985
 Nestling age 3123.94 1, 153 < .001
 Food × age 5.71 2, 153 .004
 Corticosterone × age .14 2, 153 .874
 Hatching date 7.83 1, 222 .006
 Brood size .07 1, 209 .790
Nestling begginga, days 4/5 and 7
 Food treatment .13 2, 171 .875
 Nestling age 1.0 1, 146 .289
 Food × age 18.95 2, 147 < .001
 Hatching date 14.41 1, 196 < .001
Parental food deliveries, days 4/5 and 7
 Food treatment .22 2, 159 .800
 Nestling age 13.8 1, 158 < .001
 Food × age 7.69 2, 158 < .001
 Hatching date 24.64 1, 177 < .001
 Brood size 11.8 1, 162 < .001
Nestling prefledging mass, day 11
 Food treatment 5.77 2, 137 .004
 Hatching date 5.45 1, 137 .021
 Brood size .05 1, 137 .828
 Nestling tarsus length 14.55 1, 137 < .001
a

Begging assessed as the number of vocalizations per nestling per hr