Aggregate results from experiment 4: Visual and inertial stimuli were similar to experiment 2. Subjects reported the direction of inertial motion as the direction they were going while reporting the visual motion as the direction of environment motion (i.e. opposite the direction implied by motion through a fixed environment). In each case the perception of the visual environmental motion (Ve) direction was less (closer to the inertial heading) than ideal. The direction of inertial motion continued to be biased towards Vs (180° from Ve). Fits were performed by linear least squares regression using Kaleidagraph software. For each offset (30°, 60°, 90°,120°), visual R values were: 0.03, 0.16, 0.35, and 0.04, respectively, while inertial R values were: 0.66, 0.42, 0.43, and 0.02, respectively. Inertial angle has been subtracted from the visual and inertial responses.