Table 1. Respondent, household, and child characteristics at baseline.
| Control (%) | Intervention (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| N = 793 Households | N = 789 Households | |
| Respondent Characteristics | ||
| Mean age (SD) | 32.9 (10.1) | 32.7 (10.4) |
| Female | 790/793 (99.6) | 787/789 (99.7) |
| Attended school | 579/793 (73.0) | 582/789 (73.8) |
| Household Characteristics | ||
| Mean # of household residents (SD) | 5.3 (1.8) | 5.2 (1.9) |
| Owns house | 707/793 (89.2) | 711/789 (90.1) |
| Has electricity | 48/793 (6.1) | 48/789 (6.1) |
| Owns mobile phone | 311/793 (39.2) | 338/789 (42.3) |
| Owns livestock | 434/793 (54.7) | 402/788 (51.0) |
| Floor material: earth/sand | 757/793 (95.5) | 757/789 (96.0) |
| Mean number of rooms (SD) | 4.0 (1.3) | 4.0 (1.3) |
| Sanitation/Hygiene Facilities | ||
| Toilet facility: pit latrine without slab | 416/712 (58.4) | 454/716 (63.4) |
| Toilet facility located in plot | 635/759 (83.7) | 655/759 (86.3) |
| Shares toilet facility | 206/765 (26.9) | 205/762 (26.9) |
| Has handwashing location (specific place after defecation) | 24/793 (3.0) | 19/789 (2.4) |
| Drinking Water Source/Practices | ||
| Primary water source | ||
| Protected spring/well | 393/793 (49.6) | 452/789 (57.3) |
| Unprotected spring/well | 156/793 (19.7) | 134/789 (17.0) |
| Surface water | 48/793 (6.1) | 40/789 (5.1) |
| Primary water source: improved | 589/793 (74.3) | 615/789 (77.9) |
| Round trip time to water source <30 minutes | 389/791 (49.2) | 417/789 (52.9) |
| Reported use of household water treatment | ||
| None | 660/793 (83.2) | 633/789 (80.2) |
| Boiling | 119/793 (15.0) | 106/789 (13.4) |
| Chlorination | 11/793 (1.4) | 22/789 (2.8) |
| Treat water every day | 11/793 (1.4) | 16/789 (2.0) |
| Cooking, Lighting, and Heating | ||
| Current primary fuel: wood | 333/793 (42.0) | 459/789 (58.2) |
| Current primary fuel: straw/shrubs/grass | 436/793 (55.0) | 309/789 (39.2) |
| Current primary fuel: charcoal | 18/793 (2.3) | 17/789 (2.2) |
| Cooks 1 meal per day (%) | 231/793 (29.1) | 214/789 (27.1) |
| Cooks 2 meals per day (%) | 507/793 (63.9) | 500/789 (63.4) |
| Primary cooking location: inside house, kitchen room | 321/792 (40.5) | 276/789 (35.0) |
| Primary cooking location: outside | 50/792 (6.3) | 42/789 (5.3) |
| Primary cooking location: inside separate kitchen | 280/792 (35.4) | 322/789 (40.8) |
| Has traditional three-stone fire and uses everyday | 601/754 (79.7) | 618/765 (80.8) |
| Has built-in wood-burning stove (without chimney) and uses everyday | 138/754 (18.3) | 133/765 (17.4) |
| Uses kerosene for lighting every day | 84/793 (10.6) | 71/789 (9.0) |
| Heated home in last 7 days | 121/793 (15.3) | 94/789 (11.9) |
| Household Drinking Water Quality | ||
| No detectable TTCs | 161/681 (23.6) | 175/651 (26.9) |
| 1–10 TTC/100 mL | 124/681 (18.2) | 131/651 (20.1) |
| 11–100 TTC/100 mL | 139/681 (20.4) | 118/651 (18.1) |
| >100 TTC/100 mL | 257/681 (37.7) | 227/651 (34.9) |
| Child under 5 Years of Age Characteristics | N = 1,101 Children | N = 1,073 Children |
| Female | 548/1,101 (49.8) | 544/1,073 (50.7) |
| Mean age (SD) | 27.0 (15.5) | 27.6 (15.4) |
| Completed pneumococcal vaccination (3-dose series observed on vaccination card) | 754/1,101 (68.5) | 683/1,073 (63.7) |
| Completed rotavirus vaccination (3-dose series observed on vaccination card) | 489/1,101 (44.4) | 405/1,073 (37.7) |
| Child or other household member has health insurance | 615/1,101 (55.9) | 599/1,073 (55.8) |
| Caretaker-reported 7-day diarrhea | 150/1,098 (13.7) | 164/1,073 (15.3) |
| Caretaker-reported 7-day ARI | 114/1,090 (10.5) | 109/1,058 (10.3) |
Abbreviations: ARI, acute respiratory infection; SD, standard deviation; TTC, thermotolerant coliform.