Table 1. Participant characteristics, alcohol and other substance use, Uganda 2016–2017, N = 300.
| n (%) | Mean | SD | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 36.9 | 8.6 | 20–70 | |
| Education | ||||
| No schooling | 202 (67.3%) | |||
| Primary level | 84 (28.0%) | |||
| Secondary level | 14 (4.7%) | |||
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 30 (10.0%) | |||
| Divorced | 78 (26.0%) | |||
| Widowed | 16 (5.3%) | |||
| Married & separated most of the time | 29 (9.7%) | |||
| Married & living together most of the time | 147 (49.0%) | |||
| Monthly income (converted to USD) | 62.2 | 29.7 | 4.1–160.4 | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Fishermen | 246 (82.0%) | |||
| Fish seller, cleaner, dryer | 35 (11.7%) | |||
| Boat operator, repairer, loader, other | 19 (9.7%) | |||
| Mobility (frequency of travel in prior 12 months) | ||||
| No travel | 106 (35.3%) | |||
| Once | 73 (24.3%) | |||
| 2–5 times | 91 (30.3%) | |||
| 6 or more times | 30 (10.0%) | |||
| Travel time to clinic (minutes) | 41.4 | 39.56 | 2–180 | |
| HIV/AIDS variables | ||||
| Months since HIV diagnosis | 24.6 | 17.8 | 4–102 | |
| Months since ART initiation | 22.9 | 13.5 | 2–55 | |
| Treatment regimen* | ||||
| First line regimen | 298 (99.3%) | |||
| TDF+3TC+EFV (Preferred) | 260 (87.2%) | |||
| AZT+3TC+EFV | 11 (3.7%) | |||
| AZT+3TC+NVP | 24 (8.0%) | |||
| TDF+3TC+NVP | 3 (1.0%) | |||
| Second line regimen | 2 (0.7%) | |||
| TDF/3TC | 1 (50.0%) | |||
| AZT+3TC | 1 (50.0%) | |||
| Number of pills prescribed per day | ||||
| Once daily dosing | 260 (86.7%) | |||
| Twice daily dosing | 40 (13.3%) | |||
| ART Adherence (% of prescribed pills taken) | 87.8% | 21.5% | 0–100% | |
| Sub-optimal adherence (< 95% of pills taken as prescribed) | ||||
| Yes | 93 (31.0%) | |||
| No | 207 (69.0%) | |||
| Alcohol use | ||||
| Type of alcohol typically consumed* | ||||
| Ttonto | 43 (30.3%) | |||
| Waragi | 35 (24.6%) | |||
| Malwa | 28 (19.7%) | |||
| Bottled beer | 26 (18.3%) | |||
| Any other kind of local brew | 8 (5.6%) | |||
| Any other kind of alcohol | 1 (1.4%) | |||
| Alcohol quantity (drinkers only)* | 2.92 | 1.54 | 1–10 | |
| AUDIT score | 4.5 | 5.1 | 0–20 | |
| AUDIT score (drinkers only)* | 9.0 | 3.9 | 2–20 | |
| Hazardous alcohol use (AUDIT = /> 8) | 92 (30.7%) | |||
| Hazardous alcohol use (AUDIT = /> 8) (drinkers only)* | 92 (64.8%) | |||
| High risk alcohol use (AUDIT = /> 16) | 8 (2.7%) | |||
| Alcohol dependence (AUDIT = />20) | 1 (0.30%) | |||
| Drug use (excluding alcohol) | ||||
| Prescription drug use for non-medical reasons (ever) | ||||
| Yes | 9 (3.0%) | |||
| No | 291 (97.0%) | |||
| Illicit drug use (ever) | ||||
| Yes | 18 (6.0%) | |||
| No | 282 (94.0%) | |||
| Drugs used (ever) | ||||
| Cannabis | 2 (0.70%) | |||
| Tobacco | 15 (5.0%) | |||
| Kuber (stimulant) | 7 (2.3%) | |||
| Sisha (stimulant) | 5 (1.7%) | |||
| Khat (stimulant) | 3 (1.0%) |
Note: Adherence calculated based on the proportion of pills taken over a four day recall period of total pills prescribed, based on the Adult AIDS Clinical Trial Group (AACTG) scale (Chesney et al., 2000);
* indicates items assessed only among participants reporting alcohol consumption in the prior 12 months (n = 142);
alcohol quantity = number of drinks typically consumed on drinking days; AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (World Health Organization, 2001); variables calculated from AUDIT score assess alcohol use in the prior year; Ttonto is a locally brewed fermented banana juice, 3% volume/volume percent (v/v), malwa is locally brewed from finger millet, communally shared in single container with straws, 3% v/v; Waragi is traditional gin, 48.4% v/v.