Table 3.
Association of Participants’ Pre-ART Characteristics with Renal Impairment over Weeks of Antiretroviral Therapy.
| Variable | Strata | Renal Impairment at 24 Weeks, N (%) | Renal Impairment at 48 Weeks, N (%) | Renal Impairment at 96 Weeks, N (%) | Renal Impairment at 144 Weeks, N (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | P Value | No | Yes | P Value | No | Yes | P Value | No | Yes | P Value | ||
| Sex | Female | 2050 (92) | 187 (8) | .045 | 1944 (86) | 321(14) | .110 | 1219 (80) | 314 (20) | .242 | 1407 (76) | 438 (24) | .001 |
| Male | 1408 (90) | 161 (10) | 1275 (84) | 244 (16) | 986 (78) | 283 (22) | 977 (70) | 422 (30) | |||||
| Age, years | ≤50 | 2645 (92) | 237 (8) | .001 | 2451 (87) | 373 (13) | .001 | 1645 (79) | 449 (21) | .762 | 1631 (72) | 645(28) | .001 |
| >50 | 813 (88) | 111 (12) | 768 (80) | 192 (20) | 560 (79) | 148 (21) | 753 (78) | 215 (22) | |||||
| Age, years | Median (IQR) | 44 (38-50) | 45 (38-54) | <.001 | 44 (38-50) | 46 (40-53) | <.001 | 45 (38-51) | 43 (37-50) | .596 | 45 (38-51) | 43 (37-50) | .001 |
| Hepatitis B or C | No | 1502 (90) | 164 (10) | .552 | 1561 (82) | 341 (18) | .634 | 1104 (85) | 198 (15) | .001 | 1553 (81) | 367 (19) | .001 |
| Yes | 638 (89) | 76 (11) | 557 (83) | 115 (17) | 546 (79) | 149 (21) | 54 (72) | 208(28) | |||||
| WHO clinical stage | 1 and 2 | 1545 (91) | 157 (9) | .269 | 1531 (81) | 354 (19) | .014 | 1119 (82) | 244 (18) | .268 | 1555 (81) | 363 (19) | .001 |
| 3 and 4 | 768 (89) | 91 (11) | 735 (85) | 129 (15) | 660 (84) | 126 (16) | 669 (73) | 242 (27) | |||||
| CD4 count cells/mm3 | ≤100 | 976 (91) | 101 (9) | .823 | 898 (86) | 151 (14) | .529 | 621 (79) | 163 (21) | .771 | 632 (71) | 258 (29) | .036 |
| >100 | 2454 (91) | 247 (9) | 2302 (85) | 413 (15) | 1571 (79) | 425 (21) | 1743 (75) | 592 (25) | |||||
| Viral load copies/mL | ≤10 000 | 2011 (91) | 200 (9) | .411 | 1925 (84) | 37 (16) | .195 | 1368 (80) | 341 (20) | .967 | 1626 (76) | 520 (24) | .190 |
| >10 000 | 1045 (90) | 115 (10) | 960 (85) | 163 (15) | 663 (80) | 166 (20) | 678 (74) | 244 (26) | |||||
| Baseline serum creatinine | Median (IQR) | 82 (66-102) | 84 (64-114) | .18 | 81 (66-100) | 85 (67-114) | <.001 | 82 (67-103) | 80 (63-96) | .939 | 83 (67-104) | 79 (64-99) | <.001 |
| Baseline CrCl | Median (IQR) | 86 (68-107) | 82 (55-110) | .14 | 86 (68-106) | 84 (60-107) | <.001 | 85 (66-105) | 91 (72-115) | .262 | 85 (66-104) | 91 (71-112) | <.001 |
| Baseline GFR | Median (IQR) | 93 (73-116) | 90 (63-115) | .23 | 93 (74-116) | 85 (65-111) | <.001 | 92 (71-114) | 96 (77-125) | .692 | 92 (71-114) | 96 (75-120) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CrCl, creatinine clearance; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; WHO, World Health Organization.