Table 4:

Patient Factors Associated with Index Hospitalization Costs

Risk Factor	Cost Ratio	95% CI	p value
Anatomic diagnosis  Isolated PS  PA/IVS  TA with PA or PS  VSD/PA  VSD/PS	1.96 1.76 1.16 1.67 Ref.	1.17 – 3.27 1.39 – 2.24 0.84 – 1.6 1.32 – 2.1	0.01 <0.001 0.36 <0.001 Ref.
Expected two ventricle ultimate physiology	0.89	0.74 – 1.08	0.24
Gestational age, weeks	0.93	0.90 – 0.97	<0.001
Genetic syndrome	1.56	1.20 – 2.04	0.001
Other co-morbid medical conditions	2.04	1.60 – 2.61	<0.001
Invasive ventilation pre-intervention	2.04	1.69 – 2.46	<0.001
Procedural complications	1.47	1.17 – 1.84	0.001
Need for ECMO	2.59	1.71 – 3.9	<0.001
Total duration of ventilation, days	1.01	1.01 – 1.02	<0.001
Total ICU LOS, days	1.01	1.01 – 1.02	<0.001
Total hospital LOS, days	1.01	1.01 – 1.01	<0.001

CI = confidence interval. ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU = intensive care unit; IVS = intact ventricular septum; LOS = length of stay; PA = pulmonary atresia; PS = pulmonary stenosis; TA = tricuspid atresia; VSD = ventricular septal defect.