Table 2.

Participant characteristics.

	US administrators (n = 2)	US focus group 1 (nurse managers) (n = 5)	US focus group 2 (direct care) (n = 6)	NL administrators (n = 2)	NL focus group 1 (nurse managers) (n = 6)	NL focus group 2 (direct care) (n = 6)
Gender	1 female	4 female	6 female	1 female	2 female	6 female
Race	2 white	5 black	6 black	2 white	6 white	6 white
Age	1 > 50	4 age 30–49 1 > 50	3 age 30–49 3 > 50	1 > 50	1 < 30 3 age 30–49 2 age 50+	2 < 30 4 age 30–49
Job title	1 administrator; 1 assistant administrator	2 RNsa 3 LPNsb	6 CNAsc	1 sector chief; 1 care development manager	3 niveau 4 3 niveau 5	6 niveau 3
Employment status	2 full time	100% full time	100% full time	2 full time	67% full time 33% part time	17% full time 83% part time
Shift	2 day	100% – day	83% – dayd	2 day	33% – day 67% – all (day, evening, night)	100% – all (day, evening, night)
Years in position (mean)	5	9	13	10.5	12	10
Years in long-term care (mean)	21	22	21	12	18	14

Note: All categories but race were self-reported by focus group participants. Race was assessed visually by researcher.

^aRegistered nurses.

^bLicensed practical nurses.

^cCertified nursing assistants.

^dOne respondent did not answer the question.