Table 1.

Published experiments specifically monitoring head-of-bed angles ordered by maximum compliance range

Study	Sample Size	Sampling Technique	Results
Sedwick et al., 2012	4709 ventilator days	Reviewed patient chart	100% compliance after education bundle implemented
Teixeira et al., 2013	2472 patients over 2 years	Checklist filled out during rounds	97% compliance
Bird et al., 2010	Intubated patients in large hospital over 31 months	Twice daily observation by respiratory care specialist	65–99% compliance
Croce et al., 2013	630 patients	Evaluated once per day by member of the research team	83.3–91.5% compliance
Lawrence and Fulbrook, 2012	315 observations	Once-per-week observation	80–88% compliance
DuBose et al., 2008	570 patients	ICU fellow filled out checklist daily	35.2%–84.5%, after intervention
Bingham et al., 2010	100 patients	Direct observation of VAP procedures during 2-hour interval	70–72% compliance
Williams et al., 2008	268 measurements made over the course of 2 weeks	Daily observations by researcher using angle indicator	23% compliance before intervention, 71.5% after
Rose et al., 2010	141 patients	Measured 3 times per day by research team member	32–70% compliance
Lyerla et al., 2010	315 observations on 43 patients	Direct observation of angle indicator by researcher 1–3 times daily	44% compliance before intervention and 67% compliance after intervention
Wolken et al., 2012	7720 hours of ventilated patient observations	Continuously monitored electronically.	61% compliance (hrs >30 degrees) without feedback, 76% compliance with feedback
Bouadma et al., 2010	1649 ventilator-days over 4 weeks	6 observations/day of a bicolored plastic ribbon attached at the head of the bed to indicate appropriate elevation	5–58% compliance
Sasabuchi et al., 2012	12 patients, 265 intubated hours	Hourly for 24 hours by electronic bed monitor	24% compliance before intervention; 45% compliance after
Grap et al., 2005	276 ventilator days	Continuous	28% compliance
Liu et al., 2013	2842 ventilator days	4 times daily at 5–7 hour intervals Measurement made by physician, corroborated by attending nurse	27.8% compliant
van Nieuwenhoven et al., 2006	109 patients	Continuous	15% compliance (defined as >45 degrees)
Markewitz et al., 2005	30 patients	Continuous	3% compliance
Balonov et al., 2007	29 patients	Automatically every 20 minutes	Effectively 0%
Laux et al., 2010	24-bed trauma unit	Electronically monitored	Novel definition of compliance (more than 16 hours/day above 30 degrees). Compliance between 3 hours – 16 hours/day