Figure 10.

Changes in the relative abundance of bacterial groups (genus-level) from biopsy samples of patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis who showed no clinical improvement (non-responders) (n = 11) and clinical improvement (responders) (n = 14) following treatment with two doses of inulin-type β-fructans for 9 weeks. Changes were determined by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test comparing relative abundance at the end of the study (week 9) versus the baseline (week 0). “**” Means that significantly different from week 0 (P < 0.05). (A) Leuconostoc (P = 0.0156); (B) Weissella (P = 0.0156); (C) Enterococcus (P = 0.0391); (D) Acidovorax (P = 0.0156); (E) Faecalibacterium (P = 0.0391); (F) Roseburia (P = 0.0313). Taxonomic identification was achieved using 16S rRNA gene-tag pyrosequencing.