Table 5.

Relative abundance of bacterial taxa in biopsies differentially present in responders and non-responders in patients with active UC after 9 weeks of combined treatment with 5-ASA and inulin-type β-fructans. Based on the clinical response patients were divided into responders (reduction of total Mayo by ≥3, or entering remission with total Mayo < 2 at week 9) and non-responders (worsening in the clinical score or reduction of total Mayo score with less than 3).

	Responders			Non-Responders
	0 week	9 week	P value	0 week	9 week	P value
Firmicutes	45.1 ± 4.40	52.7 ± 5.55	NS	46.9 ± 4.54	52.4 ± 5.01	NS
Leuconostocaceae	16.1 ± 3.41	15.6 ± 4.21	NS	11.7 ± 3.01	26.6 ± 4.81	0.0078
Leuconostoc	11.6 ± 2.40	10.8 ± 2.92	NS	8.34 ± 2.09	18.1 ± 2.96	0.015
Weissella	4.28 ± 1.02	4.36 ± 1.24	NS	3.13 ± 0.88	7.63 ± 1.86	0.015
Enterococcaceae	0.58 ± 0.17	0.47 ± 0.14	NS	0.37 ± 0.13	0.92 ± 0.21	0.015
Enterococcus	0.57 ± 0.17	0.43 ± 0.14	NS	0.36 ± 0.13	0.86 ± 0.20	0.039
Ruminococcaceae	5.02 ± 1.49	8.35 ± 3.32	NS	6.65 ± 1.92	2.19 ± 0.96	0.015
Faecalibacterum	1.99 ± 0.62	5.28 ± 2.28	NS	4.08 ± 1.15	1.34 ± 0.71	0.039
Lachnospiraceae	13.1 ± 2.94	14.7 ± 4.39	NS	17.5 ± 3.81	7.15 ± 2.10	NS
Roseburia	0.76 ± 0.22	0.68 ± 0.23	NS	0.81 ± 0.28	0.18 ± 0.07	0.031
Proteobacteria	23.7 ± 5.84	22.3 ± 7.3	NS	20.3 ± 8.01	28.2 ± 6.5	NS
Comamonadaceae	0.39 ± 0.12	0.27 ± 0.10	NS	0.33 ± 0.14	0.71 ± 0.18	0.107
Acidovorax	0.25 ± 0.09	0.19 ± 0.08	NS	0.21 ± 0.07	0.47 ± 0.12	0.015

Results are presented as means of the relative abundance (%) and standard error of the mean. Bacterial identification was achieved after 16S rDNA tags pyrosequencing. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used in the comparison and P < 0.05 was considered significant. NS = not significant.