Table 5.

Stratified adjusted¹ and unadjusted associations of diagnosis with neonatal total 25-hydroxyvitamin D

	Vitamin D, Mean (SD)			ASD vs. TD		DD vs. TD
Variable	TD (n = 234)	ASD (n = 357)	DD (n = 134)	OR (95% CI)	Interaction P-Value	OR (95% CI)	Interaction P-Value
Child Gender
Male	191	310	94
Female	43	47	40
Male (crude)	80.4 (37.6)	81.1 (38.1)	72.8 (36.8)	1.01 (0.90–1.14)		0.86 (0.72–1.03)#
Female (crude)	92.7 (45.1)	73.0 (31.8)	74.3 (40.0)	0.73 (0.55–0.96)*	0.04	0.75 (0.56–0.99)*	0.52
Male (adjusted)				1.03 (0.91–1.17)		0.93 (0.78–1.12)
Female (adjusted)				0.74 (0.55–0.99)*	0.03	0.79 (0.59–1.08)	0.39
Child Race/Ethnicity2
White Non-Hispanic	125	191	59
Hispanic	63	104	56
Other	46	62	17
White Non-Hispanic (crude)	93.0 (42.8)	86.8 (35.1)	78.5 (35.2)	0.90 (0.78–1.04)		0.77 (0.62–0.95)*
Hispanic (crude)	72.6 (30.4)	70.7 (33.9)	71.5 (32.8)	0.96 (0.75–1.21)	0.66	0.95 (0.72–1.25)	0.22
Other (crude)	68.6 (32.2)	74.9 (45.5)	64.4 (56.9)	1.09 (0.87–1.37)	0.16	0.93 (0.65–1.34)	0.37
White Non-Hispanic (adjusted)				0.91 (0.79–1.06)		0.79 (0.63–0.98)*
Hispanic (adjusted)				0.98 (0.77–1.26)	0.64	1.14 (0.85–1.54)	0.11
Other (adjusted)				1.05 (0.83–1.34)	0.17	0.96 (0.66–1.38)	0.31

Note: OR = odds ratio; OR are reported for 25 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D.

^*p < .05;

^#p < .10.

¹Adjusted for maternal education and pre-pregnancy body mass index; adjusted models were performed using multiple imputations (n = 10), to account for the fact that some covariates were missing;

²Missing for 2 DD children.