Figure 1. Experimental design and clonality scores.

(A–C) Generation of humanized mice for experiments 1, 2, and 3. Cell populations were sorted for sequencing at 14, 20, and 22 weeks after transplantation, respectively. (D–F) Clonality scores for cell populations in experiments 1, 2, and 3 at the nucleotide nonproductive (Nt nonproductive), Nt productive (Nt productive), and aa levels (mean ± SEM, except for experiment 3, which shows individual animals). Paired t tests were performed to compare the clonality of each sequence set within each cell population. Paired t tests with Bonferroni’s multiple testing correction were performed to compare different cell populations in experiment 2. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, by paired t test (paired by mouse, with Bonferroni’s multiple-testing correction). P. CD8, peripheral CD8⁺; P. CD4, peripheral CD4⁺. (G) Scores for aa clonality of grafted thymi and the original autologous thymus in experiment 2. (H) Expression of TdT in DP thymocytes of fetal (n = 3, gestational ages of 17, 20, and 21 weeks), postnatal (n = 4, age 4 months, 6 months, 13 years, and 17 years), and grafted human thymi in humanized mice (n = 3, at 18, 26, and 33 weeks after transplantation). *P < 0.05, by unpaired t test.