Table 3.
Correlations of FIAD helpful and harmful involvement scores with other measures of family involvement and outcomes of interest.
| Pairwise rho | Partially adjusted | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Mean ± SD | Range | Helpful | Harmful | Helpful | Harmful |
| Study 1 (N=392) | ||||||
| Cognitive Compensation (PCQ) | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 1 – 5 | .35*** | .14** | .32*** | −.04 |
| Interpersonal Enjoyment (PCQ) | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 1 – 5 | .36*** | .00 | .39*** | −.21*** |
| Frequency of Collaboration (PCQ) | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 1 – 5 | .34*** | .04 | .36*** | −.16** |
| Autonomy Support (IOCQ) 1 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 1 – 5 | .36*** | −.12* | .44*** | −.27*** |
| Effectiveness | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 1 – 4 | .46*** | −.05 | .48*** | −.24*** |
| Satisfaction | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 1 – 4 | .30*** | −.20*** | .41*** | −.32*** |
| Study 2 (N=512) | ||||||
| Diabetes Self-Efficacy (PDSMS) | 13.9 ± 3.6 | 4 – 20 | .05 | −.20*** | .18*** | −.30*** |
| Problem Eating Behavior (PDQ) | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 1 – 6 | −.02 | .25*** | −.15** | .29*** |
| Use of Dietary Information for Decision Making (PDQ) | 3.0 ± 1.7 | 1 – 6 | .21*** | −.06 | .32*** | −.22*** |
| Physical Activity (MET-minutes per week, IPAQ) | 2274 ± 2778 | 0 – 15084 | .10* | −.03 | .13* | −.09 |
| Blood Glucose Testing (SDSCA) | 3.6 ± 2.8 | 0 – 7 | .12** | −.05 | .17*** | −.14** |
| Medication Adherence (SDSCA) | 6.4 ± 1.2 | 0 – 7 | .07 | −.19*** | .16*** | −.29*** |
| Study 1 & 2, N=904 | ||||||
| Glycemic Control (HbA1c, %) | 8.0 ± 1.8 | 4.8 – 16.1 | .03 | .16*** | −.07 | .12* |
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.
FIAD = Family and Friend Involvement in Adults’ Diabetes; IOCQ = Important Other(s) Climate Questionnaire; IPAQ = International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form); PCQ = Perceptions of Collaboration Questionnaire; PDQ = Personal Diabetes Questionnaire; PDSMS = Perceived Diabetes Self-Management Scale; SDSCA = Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities