Table 4.
Interactions for Continuous Vitamin D (per 25 nmol/L) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Intellectual Disability (ID); with Child Sex or Maternal Race/ethnicity
| 4a. By Child Sex† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | ||||
| Model | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | Interaction
P-Value |
| ASD | |||||
| Unadjusted | 0.97 | (0.89, 1.06) | 1.16 | (0.97, 1.38) | 0.08 |
| Adjusted§ | 0.95 | (0.86, 1.05) | 1.18 | (0.97, 1.43) | 0.049 |
| ID | |||||
| Unadjusted | 0.96 | (0.83, 1.10) | 1.23 | (1.02, 1.48) | 0.03 |
| Adjusted§ | 1.05 | (0.88, 1.24) | 1.31 | (1.07, 1.62) | 0.08 |
| 4b. By Maternal Race/ethnicity‡ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-Hispanic White | Other race/ethnicity | ||||
| Model | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | Interaction
P-Value |
| ASD | |||||
| Unadjusted | 0.92 | (0.82, 1.04) | 1.07 | (0.95, 1.20) | 0.08 |
| Adjusted§ | 0.92 | (0.81, 1.05) | 1.07 | (0.95, 1.22) | 0.096 |
| ID | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1.03 | (0.85, 1.24) | 1.24 | (1.07, 1.43) | 0.13 |
| Adjusted§ | 1.03 | (0.84, 1.27) | 1.25 | (1.05, 1.48) | 0.17 |
N for males is 801 in adjusted ASD model, 453 in ID; for females is 171 in ASD and 153 in ID models.
N for non-Hispanic white is 337 in ASD and 178 in ID, adjusted models; for Others is 635 in ASD and 428 in ID, adjusted models. “Other race/ethnicity” includes Hispanic whites, Blacks, Asians, others or unknown
Adjusted for birth year (2000=ref, 2001, 2002, 2003), birth season (Winter (Dec-Feb)=ref, Spring (Mar-May), Summer (Jun-Aug), Fall (Sep-Nov)), maternal age (<20, 20–24, 25–29=ref, 30–34, ≥35) , maternal education (HS or less, HS=ref, some college, postgraduate), parity (0=ref,1, ≥2), and hours until blood draw (continuous); as well as maternal race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White=ref; White Hispanic; Black, Asian, Other, Unknown) or child sex (male=ref, female) in 4a and 4b, respectively.