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. 2019 Feb 11;38(22):4412–4424. doi: 10.1038/s41388-019-0712-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — APSCE recreated phenotypes associated with clinical treatment resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. a Comparison of OSN expression and development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) (t-test, p = 0.0016). b Measurement of testosterone (T) levels in FM, steroid-depleted medium (SDM) and APSCE medium including in water (CTRL). c Expression of PSA, KLK2, TMPRSS2 and NKX3.1 was measured by qPCR in CWR22Rv1 cells cultured in FM, SDM and APSCE. Data is represented as fold change of FM experimental arm. Data represents at least three independent experiments ± SEM