Fig. 3.

DV stimulates platelets to release EVs that induce NET formation via CLEC2. a Human platelets were incubated with DV (PL046) at 37 °C for 1 h in the presence or absence of anti-CLEC2 mAb, followed by harvesting of EVs by centrifugation for flow cytometry analysis. b Human platelets were incubated with DV (MOI = 0.5) or aggretin (3 nM) at 37 °C for 1 h, followed by harvesting EVs by ultracentrifugation. Both activated platelets and PLT-EVs were incubated with neutrophils and NET formation was observed. c Human platelets (8 × 10⁶) were preincubated with isotype control or anti-CLEC2 mAb for 15 min before DV (MOI = 0.5) stimulation, followed by harvesting EVs to stimulate human neutrophils and observation of NET formation. d Neutrophils (8 × 10⁵) were pre-pretreated with isotype control, anti-CLEC5A mAb, or anti-TLR2 mAb at 37 °C for 1 h, followed by incubation with EVs isolated from DV-PLTs (8 × 10⁶) and aggretin-PLTs at 37 °C for 3 h. NETs were measured by immunofluorescence staining (μm²). Data are mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (Student’s t-test). Source data are provided as Source Data file