Fig. 4.

CLEC2-activated platelets release EVs to induce NETosis via TLR2 and CLEC5A. a and b Human platelets were incubated with DV (PL046), aggretin, or thrombin at 37 °C for 1 h, and microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXOs) were harvested by sequential ultracentrifugation from supernatants, followed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). c PLT lysates and EVs from platelets were fractionated on SDS–PAGE and subjected to western blotting with anti-CD41, anti-HSP70, anti-CD63, anti-CD9, and anti-CD81 mAbs. d and e Neutrophils were pre-incubated with anti-CLEC5A mAb and anti-TLR2 mAb, followed by incubation with microvesicles (1.5 × 10⁸) and exosomes (1.5 × 10⁸) from aggretin-PLTs or DV-PLTs at 37 °C for 3 h. Data are mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (mock versus aggretin-MVs or DV-MVs); ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 (mock versus aggretin-MVs or DV-EXOs) (Student’s t-test). Source data are provided as Source Data file