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. 2019 Jun 3;9:8251. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44698-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Inactivating Hes1 in excitatory neurons leads to abnormal retention of fear memory and a slight increase in anxiety level. (a) Bar plots showing freezing time of wild-type control (black, n = 17) and Math2-Cre;Hes1 cKO (gray, n = 17) mice during fear conditioning, context recall, and cued recall of the fear conditioning test as well as before fear conditioning (baseline). Interval between 1st and 2nd tests was 6 months. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05; two tailed Student’s t-test. (b) Line plots showing total distance traveled and time spent in the center during the open field test for wild-type control (black, n = 17) and Hes1 cKO (gray, n = 17) mice. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; the p-values indicate a genotype effect in the two-way repeated measures ANOVA.