Table 2.
Means, SDs, and post hoc comparisons of mathematics anxiety and learning outcomes across the three samples.
| Variable | Mean (SD)a |
F | η2 | Post hoc comparison | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FIN (N = 4746) | KOR (N = 2999) | USA (N = 3258) | ||||
| ANXMAT | −0.31 (0.99) | 0.29 (0.68) | −0.10 (1.06) | 371.86∗∗∗ | 0.06 | KOR > USA > FIN |
| PVMATH | 513.49 (89.04) | 558.67 (96.34) | 484.42 (89.20) | 525.26∗∗∗ | 0.09 | KOR > FIN > USA |
| INTMAT | −0.12 (0.96) | −0.21 (0.98) | 0.12 (1.05) | 49.01∗∗∗ | 0.02 | USA > FIN > KOR |
| MATHEFF | −0.20 (0.95) | −0.31 (1.04) | 0.18 (1.00) | 107.88∗∗∗ | 0.04 | USA > FIN > KOR |
| SCMAT | 0.08 (1.05) | −0.38 (0.90) | 0.30 (1.00) | 376.36∗∗∗ | 0.06 | USA > FIN > KOR |
aPlausible values were used for mathematics performance, while WLE scores were used for the other four variables. ∗∗∗p < 0.001.