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. 2019 May 28;10:1133. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01133

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Copyright © 2019 Park, Son, Hwang, Ko, Lee, Doh and Jeon.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Procedure of 3D cytotoxicity assay and its outputs. (a) Schematic process of the assay. HeLa cells embedded in collagen were patterned under low rails (Day 0). After 24 h of cultivation, NK-92 cells were loaded into a microchannel formed by the hydrogel. By tilting the device at an angle of 90°, NK-92 cells were deposited on a collagen block (Day 1) and cultured for additional 24 h to observe migration and cytotoxic activity of NK cells. (b) Initial state of the assay (Day 1). (c,d) Live monitoring of migration and cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells. Time is indicated in HH:MM in the top right corner of each image. See also Movies 2, 3.