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. 2019 May 28;10:1133. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01133

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Copyright © 2019 Park, Son, Hwang, Ko, Lee, Doh and Jeon.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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3D ECM reduces cytotoxicity by limiting cancer cell accessibility. (a) Images taken after 24 h of interaction of NK cells and HeLa cells in two NK-92:HeLa ratios. HeLa cells (green) and NK-92 cells (white) are displayed in upper images and lower images show live/dead HeLa cells at the same moment with the upper images. (b) The numbers of NK cells within the ROI sub-regions in collagens without HeLa cells (no HeLa), with 20:1 and 5:1 of NK-92:HeLa ratios (n ≥ 12). (c) The percentage of killed HeLa cells within the ROI sub-regions in the two NK-92:HeLa ratios (n ≥ 18). (d) The percentage of killed HeLa cells within the whole ROI from R1 to R5 in the two NK-92:HeLa ratios. (n = 3 for 2D assay, n ≥ 18 for 3D assay). Dot plots in (b–d) show mean ± SEM.