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. 2019 May 28;10:1133. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01133

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Copyright © 2019 Park, Son, Hwang, Ko, Lee, Doh and Jeon.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dense ECM impedes cytotoxic activity of NK cells. (a) Images taken after 24 h of interaction of NK cells and HeLa cells in three collagen concentrations. HeLa cells (green) and NK-92 cells (white) are displayed in upper images and lower images show live/dead HeLa cells at the same moment with upper images. (b) The numbers of NK cells and (c) the percentage of killed HeLa cells within the ROI sub-regions (n ≥ 16). (d) PI uptake time from the moment that NK-92 cells contact with HeLa cells in 2 and 4 mg/ml of collagens. Each dot was obtained from a single HeLa cell killed by a single NK-92 cell. For statistical comparison, unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test was performed, and the statistical significance was ***p < 0.001.