Table 3.
Prevalence and sensitivity values determined by antigen detection assays in high, moderate and low endemicity areas.
|
Endemic Area£ (Prevalence) |
Method (Antigen detection assay; biological sample) |
Reference |
Study population (N°) |
New test prevalence/positivity¶ % (KK prevalence) |
Reference test |
Sensitivity % (CI 95%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate-high | POC-CCA Urine1 |
Coulibaly et al. (26) | 242 SC |
64.5 (23.1) |
KKα | 69.7 t –ve (60.7–77.8) |
| 89.1 t+ve (81.2–93.5) |
||||||
| POC-CCA Urine1 |
Erko et al. (39) | 620 SC |
65.9 (43,1) |
K-K# | 93.0 (90.2–95.7) |
|
| Combined1 | 89.9 (87.1–92.6) |
|||||
| POC-CCA Urine1 |
Al-Shehri et al. (32) | 258 SC |
14–100 (44,1) |
LCA | 99.1 (97.3–100) |
|
| POC-CCA Urine1 |
Lodh et al. (34) | 100 GP |
60 (51) |
Combined 2 | 67 (56–77) |
|
| Low-moderate | POC-CCA Urine 1 |
Bezerra et al. (40) | 258 GP |
3.9 (1.2) |
– | – |
| POC-CCA Urine 1 |
Ferreira et al. (29) | 300 GP | 27.3 (6.0) |
LCA | 68.1 | |
| K-K# | 64.3 (38.8–83.6) |
|||||
| K-K£ | 57.7 (38.9–74.5) |
|||||
| POC-CCA Urine 1 |
Siqueira et al. (41) | 163 GP |
22.6 (10.6) |
K-K¶ | 73.5 (56.9–85.4) |
|
| POC-CCA Urine 1 |
Lindholz et al. (42) | 461 GP |
40.6–71.6 (11.9) |
LCA | 57.4 t –ve (50.0–64.6) |
|
| 81.9 t+ve (75.7–87.1) |
Classified according WHO; POC-CCA, Point-of-Care platform for detection of cathodic circulating antigen; POC-CAA, Point-of-Care platform for detection of anodic circulating antigen; SC, School Children; GP, General Population; KK, Kato-Katz test; LCA, Latent Class Analysis; Urine 1: single – urine CCA; KK prevalence test was determined by using two slides/sample (duplicate); Sensitivity calculation and reference test:
KK single slide/sample;£K-K AS: any positive sample;
KK duplicate (Two slides/sample, 1 sample);
KK quadruplicate (Two slides/sample, 2 samples);
Number of tested samples; Combined1: 6 KK and 3 POC-CCA served as combined reference test; Combined2: KK and PCR; t-ve: trace negative; t+ ve: trace positive.