Table 7.
Regression and Non-regression cases: measurement and assessment outcomes
| Variables | R (n = 62)a | NR (n = 241)b | Statistic | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurements | ||||
| Birthweight (M (SD)) | 3431.60 (662.46) | 3493.85 (636.31) | 0.680d | 0.797 |
| Birthweight SD for gestational age (F (%)) | 0.277c | 0.871 | ||
| ≤ 2SDs | 1 (1.6) | 5 (2.2) | ||
| within ± 2SDs | 60 (96.8) | 221 (95.3) | ||
| >+ 2SDs | 1 (1.6) | 6 (2.6) | ||
| Head Circumference (HC) Birth (M (SD)) | 34.88 (3.15) | 34.97 (1.76) | 0.235d | 0.815 |
| HC Birth SD for gestational age (F (%)) | 1.342c | 0.511 | ||
| < 2SDs | 1 (1.7) | 2 (0.9) | ||
| within ± 2SDs | 58 (98.3) | 218 (97.3) | ||
| ≥ 2SDs | 0 (0) | 4 (1.8) | ||
| HC T1 (M (SD)) | 51.33 (1.94) | 51.19 (1.83) | − 0.498d | 0.619 |
| HC T1 SD (F (%)) | 3.613c | 0.164 | ||
| < 2SDs | 1 (1.8) | 2 (0.9) | ||
| within ± 2SDs | 54 (98.2) | 212 (93.4) | ||
| ≥ 2SDs | 0 (0) | 13 (5.7) | ||
| Assessment outcomes | ||||
| Language T1 − minimal or none (F (%)) | 44 (71) | 99 (41.1) | 17.667c | < 0.001 |
| Language T2 − minimal or none (F (%)) | 27 (47.4) | 41 (17.4) | 23.178c | < 0.001 |
| Activity level T1 − hyper/hypo (F (%)) | 25/3 (40.3/4.8) | 98/7 (40.7/2.9) | 0.583c | 0.747 |
| Activity level T2 − hyper/hypo (F (%)) | 22/3 (38.6/5.3) | 117/8 (49.6/3.4) | 2.736c | 0.305 |
| Epilepsy T1 (F (%)) | 4 (4.1) | 16 (6.6) | 0.003c | 0.958 |
| Epilepsy T2 (F (%)) | 4 (7.0) | 18 (7.6) | 0.020c | 0.888 |
| Intellectual level T1 − BIF/IDD (F (%)) | 23/33 (37.7/54.1) | 82/75 (34.0/31.1) | 19.115c | < 0.001 |
| Intellectual level T2 − BIF/IDD (F (%)) | 12/37 (21.4/66.1) | 42/81 (17.9/34.5) | 25.118c | < 0.001 |
| Vineland total T1 (M (SD)) | 66.81 (10.76) | 72.24 (10.77) | 3.420d | 0.001 |
| Vineland total T2 (M (SD)) | 65.07 (14.49) | 73.35 (14.12) | 3.939d | < 0.001 |
| ASD dx T1 − autism/autistic-like (F (%)) | 47/11 (79.7/18.6) | 143/59 (59.6/24.6) | 10.976c | 0.004 |
| ASD dx T2 autism/autistic-like (F (%)) | 43/12 (75.4/21.1) | 110/90 (46.6/38.1) | 16.039c | < 0.001 |
Significant p values (p < .01) are highlighted in bold
BIF borderline intellectual functioning, IDD intellectual development disorder,, ASD autism spectrum disorder
aSpecific N for each variable ranged from 55 to 62
bSpecific N for each variable ranged from 224 to 241
cchi-squared test
dt-test
eGbg data from single variable; Stk data compiled from more detailed data: chronic condition, acute condition, and/or pharmacological intervention in pregnancy