Table 1.
Age-standardized Characteristics of Person-years by Total Calcium Intake in Men (1986-2010) and Women (1980-2010)
| Total calcium intake (mg/day) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics1 | 0-599 | 600-799 | 800-999 | 1000-1199 | ≥1200 |
| No. person-years | 490,392 | 628,765 | 513,794 | 342,430 | 379,329 |
| Calcium intake by sources, mg/day | |||||
| Total calcium intake | 491 (83) | 700 (57) | 894 (57) | 1092 (57) | 1454 (233) |
| Dietary calcium | 482 (84) | 657 (89) | 787 (137) | 903 (195) | 1047 (293) |
| Dairy calcium | 213 (81) | 360 (101) | 482 (145) | 595 (204) | 731 (302) |
| Supplemental calcium | 14 (33) | 47 (75) | 109 (130) | 188 (189) | 391 (340) |
| Age, years | 62 (9.3) | 64 (9.5) | 65 (9.4) | 66 (9.4) | 68 (9.3) |
| Men, % | 26 | 30 | 27 | 24 | 28 |
| Caucasian, % | 95 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
| Family history of colorectal cancer, % | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 14 |
| History of sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy, % | 31 | 39 | 42 | 44 | 46 |
| Regular aspirin use,b % | 38 | 41 | 43 | 43 | 44 |
| Multivitamin use, % | 41 | 50 | 58 | 62 | 66 |
| Ever smokers, % | 54 | 51 | 50 | 49 | 48 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.4 (4.3) | 25.6 (4.2) | 25.5 (4.2) | 25.3 (4.2) | 25.3 (4.2) |
| Physical activity, METS-hours/week | 17.7 (20.5) | 20.8 (21.9) | 21.6 (21.9) | 22.0 (22.0) | 23.8 (23.9) |
| Dietary intake | |||||
| Total energy, kcal/day | 1716 (492) | 1791 (477) | 1810 (473) | 1818 (464) | 1730 (453) |
| Alcohol, g/day | 9.2 (13.5) | 7.8 (10.8) | 6.8 (9.6) | 6.2 (8.9) | 5.5 (8.3) |
| Red meat, servings/week | 2.3 (1.5) | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.0) |
| Processed meat, servings/week | 1.1 (1.4) | 1.0 (1.2) | 0.9 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.7 (1.0) |
| Folate, μg/day | 377 (184) | 439 (190) | 482 (193) | 513 (199) | 587 (261) |
| Predicted plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D score, ng/mL | 7.4 (10.4) | 8.9 (10.5) | 8.7 (10.1) | 8.5 (9.6) | 10.2 (9.9) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; METS, metabolic equivalent task score
1
Values were mean (SD) or percentage and all values, except age, were standardized to the age distribution of the study population during follow-up.