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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Causes Control. 2019 Apr 8;30(6):637–649. doi: 10.1007/s10552-019-01165-3

Table 1.

Age-standardized Characteristics of Person-years by Total Calcium Intake in Men (1986-2010) and Women (1980-2010)

Total calcium intake (mg/day)
Characteristics1 0-599 600-799 800-999 1000-1199 ≥1200
No. person-years 490,392 628,765 513,794 342,430 379,329
Calcium intake by sources, mg/day
Total calcium intake 491 (83) 700 (57) 894 (57) 1092 (57) 1454 (233)
Dietary calcium 482 (84) 657 (89) 787 (137) 903 (195) 1047 (293)
Dairy calcium 213 (81) 360 (101) 482 (145) 595 (204) 731 (302)
Supplemental calcium 14 (33) 47 (75) 109 (130) 188 (189) 391 (340)
Age, years 62 (9.3) 64 (9.5) 65 (9.4) 66 (9.4) 68 (9.3)
Men, % 26 30 27 24 28
Caucasian, % 95 97 98 98 98
Family history of colorectal cancer, % 14 14 15 15 14
History of sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy, % 31 39 42 44 46
Regular aspirin use,b % 38 41 43 43 44
Multivitamin use, % 41 50 58 62 66
Ever smokers, % 54 51 50 49 48
BMI, kg/m2 25.4 (4.3) 25.6 (4.2) 25.5 (4.2) 25.3 (4.2) 25.3 (4.2)
Physical activity, METS-hours/week 17.7 (20.5) 20.8 (21.9) 21.6 (21.9) 22.0 (22.0) 23.8 (23.9)
Dietary intake
Total energy, kcal/day 1716 (492) 1791 (477) 1810 (473) 1818 (464) 1730 (453)
Alcohol, g/day 9.2 (13.5) 7.8 (10.8) 6.8 (9.6) 6.2 (8.9) 5.5 (8.3)
Red meat, servings/week 2.3 (1.5) 2.0 (1.2) 1.8 (1.2) 1.7 (1.1) 1.4 (1.0)
Processed meat, servings/week 1.1 (1.4) 1.0 (1.2) 0.9 (1.1) 0.8 (1.1) 0.7 (1.0)
Folate, μg/day 377 (184) 439 (190) 482 (193) 513 (199) 587 (261)
Predicted plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D score, ng/mL 7.4 (10.4) 8.9 (10.5) 8.7 (10.1) 8.5 (9.6) 10.2 (9.9)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; METS, metabolic equivalent task score

1

Values were mean (SD) or percentage and all values, except age, were standardized to the age distribution of the study population during follow-up.