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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Causes Control. 2019 Apr 8;30(6):637–649. doi: 10.1007/s10552-019-01165-3

Table 3.

Multivariable HR1 and 95% CI of Calcium Intake and Colon Cancer Risk by the Joint CIMP and MSI status

CIMP and MSI status
Sources of calcium CIMP-negative/low; non-MSI-high CIMP-negative/low; MSI-high CIMP-high; non-MSI-high CIMP-high; MSI-high Pheterogeneity2
Cases, n 544 38 50 136
Total calcium
 Per 300 mg/day 0.94 (0.87, 1.03) 0.92 (0.68, 1.24) 0.99 (0.76, 1.27) 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) 0.72
 Ptrend3 0.17 0.57 0.92 0.63
Dietary calcium
 Per 300 mg/day 0.86 (0.77, 0.96) 0.77 (0.50, 1.19) 0.97 (0.67, 1.39) 1.19 (0.96, 1.47) 0.05
 Ptrend3 0.01 0.24 0.85 0.11
Supplemental calcium
 Per 300 mg/day 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) 1.07 (0.71, 1.62) 1.06 (0.74, 1.51) 0.91 (0.71, 1.17) 0.81
 Ptrend3 0.66 0.74 0.76 0.45
1

Multivariable HR was adjusted for the same set of variables as denoted in Table 2; additionally, dietary and supplemental calcium intakes were mutually adjusted for.

2

The P value for heterogeneity across tumor markers was from the likelihood ratio test comparing the model in which a linear association with calcium intake was allowed to vary by tumor subtypes with the model in which a common association was assumed.

3

The P value for linear trend across calcium intake was from the Wald test on the continuous term of calcium intake.

Abbreviations: CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype; MSI, microsatellite instability