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. 2019 May 28;10:573. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00573

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Copyright © 2019 Leu, Chen and Guh.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of PA-F4 on LPS-induced MAPK phosphorylation. THP-1 cells were seeded and differentiated by 50 nM PMA. After 48 h, the cells were pre-treated in the absence or presence of the indicated agent for 0.5 h and then co-treated with 1 μg/ml LPS for 2 h. The cells were harvested for the detection of the indicated protein expression using Western blot analysis. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of three to five independent determinations. One-way ANOVA by Newman–Keuls post hoc test is used. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01 compared with LPS control. The analysis of P (ANOVA) indicates the following: for phospho-p44/42 MAPK group, P < 0.001; for phospho-JNK1/2/3 group, P = 0.008; for phospho-c-Jun group, P = 0.010; for phospho-p38 MAPK group, P = 0.005.