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. 2019 May 28;10:573. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00573

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Copyright © 2019 Leu, Chen and Guh.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of PA-F4 on ATP-induced ASC dimerization and oligomerization. THP-1 cells were seeded and differentiated by 50 nM PMA. After 48 h, cells were primed with 1 μg/mL LPS for 4 h. Then, cells were pre-treated with or without the indicated agent for 0.5 h and then co-treated with 5 mM ATP for another 2 h. After treatment, the cells were harvested for the detection of the protein expressions of ASC dimerization and oligomerization. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of four to five independent determinations. One-way ANOVA by Newman–Keuls post hoc test is used. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01 compared with LPS plus ATP. The analysis of P (ANOVA) indicates the following: for dimer group, P < 0.001; for polymer group, P = 0.004.