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. 2019 May 28;10:548. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00548

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Activation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) expression. (A) Cultured human hepatocytes were treated with different nuclear receptor agonists: CDCA (100 μM) and GW4064 (2.5 μM), agonists for FXR; Rif (5 μM), an agonist for human PXR; CITCO (100 nM), an agonist for human CAR; and GW (10 μM), an agonist for liver X receptor α (LXRα) (n = 3) for 24 h. (B) FXR agonist induced (small heterodimer partner) SHP and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) mRNA expression in cultured human hepatocytes from 5 different cases. (C) HepG2 cells were treated with CDCA (100 μM) or GW4064 (2.5 μM) for 24 h (n = 4). (D) Rhesus macaques were subcutaneously injected with single dose of ivermectin (0.4 mg/kg) and blood was collected 24 h later (n = 8). CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; Rif, rifamycin; GW, GW3965. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4). ∗P < 0.05.