Table 2.
Risk factors for falls.
| Risk factors for falls | n | Mean |
|---|---|---|
| Number of risk factors | 368 | 3.1 ± 1.9 |
| Number of falls in previous 12 months | 141 | 2 ± 1.7 |
| Type of risk factors | n | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| None | 6 | 1.6% |
| Intrinsic (related to the individual)a | 325 | 86.9% |
| Extrinsic (related to the environment)b | 10 | 2.7% |
| Both | 33 | 8.8% |
| Risk factors | n | Prevalence |
|---|---|---|
| Vision problems | 333 | 89% |
| Corrective lenses | 315 | 84.2% |
| Hearing problems | 139 | 37.2% |
| Hearing aids | 25 | 6.7% |
| Active ulcers | 15 | 4% |
| Inadequate footwear | 27 | 7.2% |
| Inadequate foot care | 24 | 6.4% |
| Previous fractures | 92 | 24.6% |
| Falls in the previous 12 months | 141 | 37.7% |
| Fall syndrome | 65 | 17.4% |
| Fear of falling (mFESc < 70) | 121 | 32.4% |
| Anxiety-depressive syndrome | 86 | 22.9% |
| Alpha-blockers | 9 | 2.4% |
| Benzodiazepines | 142 | 38% |
| Beta-blockers | 72 | 19.3% |
| Drugs with actions upon the central nervous system | 174 | 40.1% |
| Comorbidity (≥4 diseases) | 94 | 25.1% |
| Orthostatic hypotension | 66 | 17.4% |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)d | 190 | 50.8% |
| Physical activity | ||
| <3 h/week | 161 | 43.0% |
| 3–6 h/week | 113 | 30.2% |
| >6 h week | 100 | 26.7% |
| Risk factors | n | Mean |
|---|---|---|
| Number of drugs | 372 | 4.7 ± 2.9 |
a
Related to the individual, e.g., age over 80, visual impairment, gait disorders.
b
Related to the environment, e.g., lights or floor problems.
c
mFES: modified Falls Efficacy Scale.
d
BMI: Body Mass Index.