Table 2.

Heart rate (n = 9), oxygen uptake (n = 8), and subjective shivering measures (n = 9) during immersion and the post‐immersion period (mean ± SD)

		PreIm	Immersion					Post‐Immersion
			2 min	4 min	6 min	8 min	10 min	2 min	4 min	6 min	8 min	10 min	1 h	2 h	3 h
HR (beats·min−1)	CON	84 ± 5	81 ± 4	82 ± 2	80 ± 3	78 ± 5	82 ± 7	84 ± 5	83 ± 5	80 ± 6	82 ± 5	80 ± 4	79 ± 5	76 ± 8	74 ± 7
	CWI	95 ± 19	110 ± 20	94 ± 6	85 ± 12	81 ± 4	89 ± 18	79 ± 10	76 ± 9	74 ± 8	76 ± 11	80 ± 11	78 ± 9	69 ± 9	73 ± 12
$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}^2$ (ml·kg−1·min−1)	CON	5.4 ± 0.8	5.0 ± 0.7	4.7 ± 0.6	4.6 ± 0.7	4.4 ± 0.6	4.6 ± 0.6	4.7 ± 0.6	4.5* ± 0.7	4.3* ± 0.5	4.9* ± 0.8	4.7* ± 0.7	4.6* ± 0.6	4.6* ± 0.8	4.2* ± 0.7
	CWI	8.5 ± 2.0	9.7 ± 2.1	9.0 ± 1.6	8.8 ± 2.1	8.4 ± 2.1	8.8 ± 2.6	6.8 ± 1.8	6.9* ± 1.9	6.2* ± 1.3	6.4* ± 1.7	6.3* ± 1.6	6.0* ± 1.5	5.4* ± 1.9	5.6* ± 1.5
		Pre Im			5 min		10 min	2 min	4 min	6 min	8 min	10 min	1 h	2 h	3 h
Subjective Shivering	CON	1 ± 0			1 ± 0		1 ± 0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0
(AU)	CWI	1 ± 0			2 ± 1		2 ± 1	2 ± 1	2 ± 1	2 ± 1	2 ± 1	2 ± 1	1 ± 0	1 ± 0	1 ± 0

PreIm, Pre Immersion; AU, arbitrary units.

Values are mean ± SD. A main effect for condition and time along with a significant interaction between condition and time was found for $\dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ (P < 0.05).

^*Significant difference from pre‐immersion (P < 0.05).