Table 4. Outcomes Analyzed Using Generalized Linear Model Analysis.
| Variable | P Value | Estimate (95% CI)a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residual Group | No Residual Group | ||
| No. of emesis episodes | |||
| Race | .26 | NA | NA |
| Treatment × race | .008 | NA | NA |
| GA | .002 | NA | NA |
| Weekly median % of MOM | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Treatment | .002 | 2.46 (1.70-3.56) | 5.01 (3.87-6.50) |
| Simple main effect | |||
| African American | .006 | 2.62 (1.97-3.49) | 4.16 (3.54-4.89) |
| Non–African American | <.001 | 2.22 (1.83-2.68) | 6.18 (5.33-7.16) |
| No. of episodes of abdominal distension | |||
| Race | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Weekly median % of MOM | .03 | NA | NA |
| Treatment | .001 | 1.79 (1.27-2.53) | 0.590 (0.344-1.012) |
| No. of abdominal radiographs | |||
| GA | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Weekly median % of MOM | .08 | NA | NA |
| Treatment | .25 | 4.34 (3.66-5.34) | 3.81 (3.24-4.64) |
| Positive tracheal aspirate occurrence | |||
| GA | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Weekly mean % of MOM | .03 | NA | NA |
| Treatment | .48 | 0.056 (0.019-0.168) | 0.084 (0.033-0.214) |
| No. of positive tracheal aspirate samples (modeling probability of higher number of positives) | |||
| GA | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Weekly mean % of MOM | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Treatment | NA | NA | |
| 1 | .17 | 0.055 (0.029-0.107) | 0.088 (0.051-0.152) |
| ≥2 | 0.015 (0.007-0.033) | 0.024 (0.012-0.047) | |
| Brochopulmonary dysplasia | |||
| Overall | .001 | NA | NA |
| GA | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Treatment | .43 | 0.512 (0.305-0.858) | 0.680 (0.414-01.12) |
| Respiratory supportb | |||
| GA | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Treatment | .053 | 6.02 (2.79-12.96) | 2.45 (1.34-4.47) |
| IVH stage (modeling probability of higher stage) | |||
| Overall | .06 | NA | NA |
| GA | .03 | NA | NA |
| Treatment | NA | NA | |
| Stage 2 | .62 | 3.95 (1.74-8.96) | 3.07 (1.39-6.78) |
| Stage 3 or 4 | 0.365 (0.167-0.796) | 0.284 (0.126-0.638) | |
| No. of late-onset sepsis episodesc | |||
| Poisson model | |||
| Length of stay | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Treatment | .08 | 1.38 (0.97-1.94) | 0.97 (0.67-1.40) |
| Zero-inflation model | |||
| GA | .002 | NA | NA |
| Occurrence of NECc | |||
| GA | .02 | NA | NA |
| Estimated log weekly mean % of MOM | .08 | NA | NA |
| Treatment | .25 | 0.026 (0.006-0.109) | 0.058 (0.018-0.190) |
| Death within 6 weeksc | |||
| GA | <.001d | NA | NA |
| Treatment | .60d | 0.012 (0.001-0.131) | 0.004 (0.0003-0.046) |
Abbreviations: GA, gestational age; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; MOM, mother’s own milk; NA, not applicable; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis.
a
All estimates are odds except for IVH stage and number of positive tracheal aspirate samples (which are odds ratios) and number of late-onset sepsis episodes, number of emesis episodes, number of abdominal distensions, and number of abdominal radiographs (which are least square means).
b
Whether or not infant required respiratory support.
c
Death, late-onset sepsis, and NEC were mutually exclusive.
d
Exact conditional P value.