Table. Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis, First-Degree Relatives, and a Control Group With Low Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) Levels.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients With CAVS | First-Degree Relatives | Control Participants With Low Lp(a) Levels | ||
| All | Without CAVS | |||
| No. | 17 | 33 | 27 | 23 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 71.6 (7.7) | 63.9 (8.8) | 63.1 (8.7) | 60.6 (5.8) |
| Male, No. (%) | 11 (64.7) | 22 (66.7) | 17 (63.0) | 14 (60.9) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 30.8 (5.4) | 29.3 (4.8) | 29.4 (5.1) | 28.1 (4.5) |
| Hypertension | 16 (94.1) | 18 (54.6) | 14 (51.9) | 8 (34.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (23.5) | 6 (18.2) | 4 (14.8) | 2 (8.7) |
| Coronary artery disease | 11 (64.7) | 8 (24.2)a | 6 (22.2) | 1 (4.4) |
| Stroke | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (4.4) |
| Active smokers | 0 | 3 (9.1) | 3 (11.1) | 3 (13.0) |
| Lipid-lowering therapy | 12 (70.6) | 18 (54.6) | 14 (51.9) | 8 (34.8) |
| Aortic valve, mean (SD) | ||||
| Peak gradient, mm Hg | 38.9 (17.3) | 17.3 (16.9)b | 10.3 (4.8)c | 7.7 (2.4) |
| Mean gradient, mm Hg | 21.8 (10.5) | 9.4 (9.6)d | 5.4 (2.6)e | 4.2 (1.3) |
| Area, cm2 | 1.07 (0.39) | 1.96 (0.74)f | 2.20 (0.60) | 2.41 (0.49) |
| Lipoprotein(a), median (interquartile range), mg/dL | 93.4 (77.3-109.8) | 36.7 (2.7-79.2)g | 37.0 (3.6-86.7)h | 3.1 (2.0-4.8) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CAVS, calcific aortic valve stenosis.
a
P = .046 for first-degree relatives vs controls with low Lp(a) levels.
b
P = .003 for first-degree relatives vs controls with low Lp(a) levels.
c
P = .02 for first-degree relatives without CAVS vs controls with low Lp(a) levels.
d
P = .004 for first-degree relatives vs controls with low Lp(a) levels.
e
P = .03 for first-degree relatives without CAVS vs controls with low Lp(a) levels.
f
P = .02 for first-degree relatives vs controls with low Lp(a) levels.
g
P < .001 for first-degree relatives vs controls with low Lp(a) levels.
h
P < .001 for first-degree relatives without CAVS vs controls with low Lp(a) levels.