Table 2. Global and Subscale Scores by Treatment Group and Visit.
| Treatment Group | Mean (SD) Value | Effect Size (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | At 3 mo | At 6 mo | At 12 mo | At 18 mo | Difference From Baseline to 18 mo | ||
| Standard of care, No. | 49 | 42 | 38 | 30 | 37 | 37 | NA |
| Partial TRT, No. | 51 | 37 | 35 | 30 | 40 | 40 | NA |
| TRT, No. | 51 | 40 | 32 | 34 | 34 | 34 | NA |
| Tinnitus Questionnaire | |||||||
| Total score (0-102) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 54.6 (11.2) | 43.5 (16.7) | 40.4 (14.8) | 35.8 (14.7) | 37.3 (16.8) | −16.5 (16.3) | −1.01 (−1.41 to −0.61) |
| Partial TRT | 54.4 (11.5) | 38.9 (16.7) | 37.1 (14.6) | 33.2 (15.2) | 35.9 (15.3) | −19.0 (15.9) | −1.16 (−1.56 to −0.76) |
| TRT | 56.4 (11.9) | 39.4 (16.6) | 34.8 (16.5) | 35.7 (16.9) | 39.0 (19.2) | −18.2 (15.1) | −1.32 (−1.78 to −0.85) |
| Emotional distress subscale (0-38) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 15.8 (5.5) | 11.1 (7.1) | 9.7 (7.1) | 7.7 (5.4) | 8.1 (6.3) | −7.4 (6.3) | −1.18 (−1.59 to −0.75) |
| Partial TRT | 17.0 (6.6) | 10.5 (7.1) | 9.5 (6.5) | 7.5 (6.5) | 8.6 (6.5) | −8.7 (7.9) | −1.10 (−1.49 to −0.70) |
| TRT | 17.2 (6.2) | 10.1 (7.0) | 8.5 (6.7) | 8.6 (7.0) | 9.2 (8.0) | −8.1 (6.3) | −1.28 (−1.73 to −0.82) |
| Intrusiveness subscale (0-14) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 11.3 (2.1) | 9.8 (2.7) | 9.2 (3.4) | 8.7 (3.3) | 8.6 (3.6) | −2.4 (3.3) | −0.73 (−1.09 to −0.36) |
| Partial TRT | 11.5 (2.4) | 9.5 (2.9) | 9.0 (3.3) | 8.2 (3.5) | 8.8 (3.0) | −2.4 (2.9) | −0.83 (−1.18 to −0.46) |
| TRT | 11.5 (2.5) | 9.1 (3.1) | 8.0 (3.0) | 8.1 (3.6) | 8.5 (3.3) | −2.7 (3.0) | −0.90 (−1.30 to −0.50) |
| Auditory perceptual difficulties (0-14) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 7.7 (3.7) | 6.7 (3.5) | 5.6 (3.7) | 4.9 (3.4) | 5.0 (3.7) | −2.4 (3.2) | −0.74 (−1.10 to −0.37) |
| Partial TRT | 7.1 (3.0) | 5.0 (3.5) | 5.0 (2.9) | 5.1 (2.8) | 4.8 (3.1) | −2.0 (3.2) | −0.63 (−0.97 to −0.29) |
| TRT | 7.2 (2.8) | 5.0 (3.2) | 4.9 (3.4) | 5.1 (3.1) | 5.7 (3.6) | −2.0 (3.0) | −0.67 (−1.04 to −0.30) |
| Sleep disturbance subscale (0-8) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 4.8 (2.4) | 3.7 (2.6) | 3.7 (2.6) | 3.4 (2.6) | 3.7 (2.6) | −1.2 (2.1) | −0.56 (−0.90 to −0.21) |
| Partial TRT | 4.3 (2.2) | 2.5 (2.2) | 2.5 (2.1) | 2.3 (2.2) | 2.2 (3.2) | −2.2 (2.0) | −1.06 (−1.45 to −0.67) |
| TRT | 4.9 (2.3) | 3.6 (2.3) | 3.2 (2.8) | 3.0 (2.2) | 3.3 (2.6) | −1.6 (2.3) | −0.68 (−1.05 to −0.30) |
| Somatic symptom subscale (0-8) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 4.9 (1.7) | 3.8 (2.2) | 3.4 (1.5) | 3.0 (1.9) | 3.6 (2.0) | −1.3 (2.1) | −0.61 (−0.96 to −0.26) |
| Partial TRT | 4.5 (1.8) | 3.4 (2.3) | 3.0 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.9) | 3.3 (2.1) | −1.5 (2.1) | −0.69 (−1.03 to −0.34) |
| TRT | 5.3 (1.6) | 3.6 (2.0) | 3.1 (2.1) | 3.4 (1.8) | 3.8 (2.3) | −1.7 (1.9) | −0.93 (−1.33 to −0.52) |
| Tinnitus Functional Index | |||||||
| Total score (0-100) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 53.5 (17.3) | 49.8 (17.6) | 44.7 (19.1) | 37.6 (20.9) | 41.6 (23.4) | −10.3 (21.9) | −0.47 (−0.81 to −0.13) |
| Partial TRT | 50.3 (17.1) | 40.6 (19.4) | 42.4 (19.7) | 35.6 (19.6) | 37.9 (18.0) | −14.4 (17.2) | −0.85 (−1.21 to −0.48) |
| TRT | 48.1 (17.6) | 43.1 (17.6) | 38.6 (18.3) | 38.6 (17.4) | 40.1 (19.6) | −6.7 (18.5) | −0.37 (−0.71 to −0.02) |
| Emotional distress subscale | |||||||
| Standard of care | 34.4 (23.6) | 26.9 (22.1) | 24.5 (23.6) | 19.3 (17.0) | 26.0 (25.5) | −8.8 (28.6) | −0.31 (−0.64 to 0.02) |
| Partial TRT | 31.8 (26.1) | 22.0 (23.7) | 22.8 (23.2) | 16.1 (20.7) | 18.1 (21.5) | −15.9 (23.5) | −0.68 (−1.02 to −0.33) |
| TRT | 31.6 (24.6) | 23.6 (21.1) | 18.9 (24.0) | 22.3 (19.8) | 24.0 (25.2) | −7.5 (25.7) | −0.29 (−0.63 to 0.06) |
| Intrusiveness subscale | |||||||
| Standard of care | 70.7 (17.3) | 68.0 (17.9) | 60.6 (21.0) | 51.9 (22.4) | 57.9 (24.5) | −11.4 (26.4) | −0.43 (−0.77 to −0.09) |
| Partial TRT | 67.5 (18.0) | 62.2 (21.6) | 59.7 (20.8) | 50.9 (21.3) | 57.1 (19.6) | −10.1 (20.6) | −0.49 (−0.81 to −0.16) |
| TRT | 63.3 (23.2) | 59.1 (20.3) | 52.7 (19.0) | 53.3 (17.7) | 52.1 (21.8) | −6.8 (27.8) | −0.24 (−0.58 to 0.10) |
| Reduced sense of control subscale | |||||||
| Standard of care | 67.8 (19.5) | 58.4 (20.1) | 54.3 (21.5) | 44.0 (25.2) | 46.3 (26.7) | −20.5 (27.6) | −0.74 (−1.11 to −0.38) |
| Partial TRT | 63.7 (16.7) | 55.5 (21.1) | 57.3 (18.6) | 45.2 (20.9) | 53.8 (20.6) | −12.0 (24.0) | −0.50 (−0.83 to −0.17) |
| TRT | 58.6 (20.9) | 56.2 (21.3) | 51.8 (17.9) | 49.3 (20.9) | 47.7 (20.0) | −9.02 (21.5) | −0.42 (−0.77 to −0.07) |
| Cognitive interference subscale | |||||||
| Standard of care | 47.8 (24.5) | 45.9 (23.7) | 41.8 (23.9) | 36.3 (25.9) | 37.3 (26.5) | −8.3 (29.2) | −0.28 (−0.61 to 0.05) |
| Partial TRT | 51.0 (22.1) | 39.3 (25.8) | 41.1 (25.7) | 36.4 (23.4) | 39.3 (23.8) | −14.7 (21.2) | −0.69 (−1.03 to −0.34) |
| TRT | 42.7 (21.2) | 38.5 (22.8) | 32.9 (22.7) | 36.9 (20.7) | 39.9 (24.2) | −1.08 (22.2) | −0.48 (−0.38 to 0.29) |
| Sleep disturbance subscale | |||||||
| Standard of care | 61.0 (30.2) | 57.9 (28.8) | 48.5 (30.2) | 44.2 (35.2) | 49.6 (32.3) | −10.0 (24.3) | −0.41 (−0.74 to −0.07) |
| Partial TRT | 50.3 (28.1) | 34.5 (24.7) | 38.0 (29.8) | 33.8 (29.3) | 31.6 (24.7) | −20.2 (23.4) | −0.86 (−1.22 to −0.49) |
| TRT | 55.4 (30.8) | 45.1 (29.6) | 42.5 (29.9) | 39.0 (26.1) | 42.0 (30.4) | −11.1 (31.4) | −0.35 (−0.70 to −0.00) |
| Auditory difficulties subscale | |||||||
| Standard of care | 46.6 (25.7) | 48.2 (23.4) | 45.0 (29.5) | 35.4 (24.5) | 40.5 (29.9) | −2.7 (29.2) | −0.09 (−0.41 to 0.02) |
| Partial TRT | 45.0 (27.2) | 40.4 (26.9) | 46.2 (25.3) | 36.9 (24.4) | 41.3 (26.7) | −6.6 (22.3) | −0.30 (−0.61 to 0.02) |
| TRT | 45.1 (27.2) | 47.4 (24.5) | 41.9 (28.3) | 40.6 (22.4) | 42.0 (24.2) | −7.1 (21.1) | −0.33 (−0.68 to 0.01) |
| Relaxation interference subscale | |||||||
| Standard of care | 68.2 (24.4) | 63.8 (24.2) | 58.0 (25.8) | 49.8 (30.7) | 51.2 (33.0) | −15.6 (33.1) | −0.47 (−0.81. −0.13) |
| Partial TRT | 61.9 (27.2) | 51.2 (28.4) | 51.8 (30.0) | 46.9 (29.5) | 45.2 (27.6) | −18.6 (30.2) | −0.62 (−0.95 to −0.27) |
| TRT | 63.9 (23.6) | 53.6 (24.5) | 51.7 (23.1) | 44.6 (23.5) | 47.3 (26.2) | −13.3 (26.7) | −0.50 (−0.85 to −0.14) |
| Reduced quality of life subscale | |||||||
| Standard of care | 37.0 (25.4) | 34.0 (23.3) | 29.8 (22.5) | 24.3 (19.8) | 28.2 (26.1) | −6.4 (24.4) | −0.26(−0.59 to 0.07) |
| Partial TRT | 35.7 (23.1) | 24.9 (22.4) | 27.2 (22.7) | 22.9 (24.3) | 22.1 (19.9) | −16.6 (20.9) | −0.79 (−1.14 to −0.43) |
| TRT | 30.1 (22.7) | 26.8 (20.4) | 20.6 (22.7) | 27.1 (20.5) | 29.5 (27.6) | −0.3 (23.0) | −0.01 (−0.34 to 0.32) |
| Tinnitus Handicap Inventory | |||||||
| Total score (0-100) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 38.6 (18.7) | 36.3 (17.7) | 33.4 (18.4) | 26.4 (14.6) | 29.2 (17.2) | −9.4 (17.7) | −0.53 (−0.87 to −0.18) |
| Partial TRT | 42.3 (20.7) | 30.4 (20.7) | 31.6 (18.6) | 27.2 (19.1) | 29.5 (17.0) | −12.6 (17.1) | −0.74 (−1.09 to −0.38) |
| TRT | 37.8 (13.0) | 30.5 (17.0) | 25.8 (16.4) | 29.2 (17.4) | 31.5 (20.5) | −6.1 (18.0) | −0.34 (−0.69 to 0.02) |
| Functional subscale (0-44) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 20.5 (9.2) | 21.2 (9.5) | 19.3 (9.5) | 16.0 (8.6) | 17.8 (10.0) | −2.4 (9.7) | −0.25 (−0.58 to 0.08) |
| Partial TRT | 22.5 (10.5) | 16.8 (10.4) | 18.3 (10.3) | 16.1 (10.4) | 17.1 (9.1) | −5.0 (7.0) | −0.71 (−1.06 to −0.36) |
| TRT | 19.8 (6.8) | 17.4 (8.7) | 14.9 (8.4) | 16.5 (8.2) | 18.1 (10.5) | −1.5 (8.7) | −0.17 (−0.52 to 0.17) |
| Emotional subscale (0-36) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 10.1 (6.4) | 8.8 (6.3) | 7.9 (6.7) | 5.1 (4.9) | 6.2 (5.6) | −4.3 (6.2) | −0.69 (−1.04 to −0.33) |
| Partial TRT | 11.0 (7.8) | 7.8 (7.2) | 7.3 (7.1) | 6.2 (7.1) | 7.1 (6.7) | −4.4 (7.7) | −0.57 (−0.90 to −0.23) |
| TRT | 9.8 (5.4) | 6.6 (6.2) | 5.6 (6.1) | 6.5 (6.4) | 7.0 (6.8) | −2.8 (8.0) | −0.36 (−0.71 to −0.00) |
| Catastrophic subscale (0-20) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 8.0 (3.5) | 6.3 (3.9) | 6.2 (4.2) | 5.3 (3.4) | 5.2 (3.8) | −2.7 (4.3) | −0.62 (−0.97 to −0.27) |
| Partial TRT | 8.7 (4.2) | 5.7 (4.4) | 6.0 (3.6) | 4.9 (3.6) | 5.4 (3.8) | −3.2 (4.4) | −0.73 (−1.08 to −0.37) |
| TRT | 8.2 (3.4) | 6.5 (3.8) | 5.3 (3.7) | 6.1 (4.1) | 6.5 (4.7) | −1.7 (3.8) | −0.44 (−0.80 to −0.08) |
| 10-Point VAS “How Much of a Problem Is Your Tinnitus?” | |||||||
| Score (0-10) | |||||||
| Standard of care | 6.3 (2.1) | NA | 5.0 (2.4) | 4.5 (2.5) | 4.3 (3.0) | −1.8 (2.8) | −0.64 (−1.01 to −0.26) |
| Partial TRT | 6.4 (2.2) | NA | 5.2 (2.1) | 3.8 (2.5) | 4.2 (2.5) | –2.1 (2.4) | −0.85 (−1.26 to −0.43) |
| TRT | 6.2 (2.2) | NA | 4.5 (2.4) | 4.1 (2.1) | 4.4 (2.4) | –1.8 (3.0) | −0.58 (−0.97 to −0.18) |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; TRT, tinnitus retraining therapy; VAS, visual analog scale.