Table 1. Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Who Underwent Laparoscopic or Open Surgery.
| Characteristics | Surgery, No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Laparoscopic (n = 519)a | Open (n = 520)a | |
| Sex | ||
| Men | 380 (73.2) | 346 (66.5) |
| Women | 139 (26.8) | 174 (33.5) |
| Age, y | (n = 518) | |
| Mean (SD) | 56.5 (10.4) | 55.8 (11.1) |
| Median (IQR) | 57 (51-64) | 57 (50-64) |
| BMI | (n = 504) | (n = 511) |
| Mean (SD) | 22.7 (3.2) | 22.7 (3.2) |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scoreb | (n = 517) | (n = 518) |
| 0 (asymptomatic) | 375 (72.5) | 391 (75.5) |
| 1 (symptomatic but completely ambulatory) | 142 (27.5) | 127 (24.5) |
| Comorbidities present | (n = 518) | (n = 517) |
| No. (%) | 159 (30.7) | 139 (26.9) |
| Tumor size, cm | (n = 499) | (n = 503) |
| Mean (SD) | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (2.1) |
| Histology | ||
| Signet-ring cell | 79 (15.2) | 99 (19.0) |
| Otherc | 440 (84.8) | 421 (81.0) |
| Clinical T stage | ||
| T2 | 115 (22.2) | 146 (28.1) |
| T3 | 177 (34.1) | 173 (33.3) |
| T4a | 227 (43.7) | 201 (38.7) |
| Clinical N stage | ||
| N0 | 252 (48.6) | 258 (49.6) |
| N+ | 267 (51.5) | 262 (50.4) |
| Clinical M stage (M0) | 519 (100) | 520 (100) |
| Clinical TNM staged | ||
| I | 64 (12.3) | 88 (16.9) |
| II | 248 (47.8) | 247 (47.5) |
| III | 207 (39.9) | 185 (35.6) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; IQR, interquartile range.
Unless otherwise indicated.
The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ranges from 0 to 5, with 0 denoting asymptomatic, 1 denoting “symptomatic but completely ambulatory,” 2 denoting “symptomatic, <50% in bed during the day,” 3 denoting “symptomatic, >50% in bed, but not bedbound,” 4 denoting bedbound, and 5 denoting death.
Includes papillary, tubular, mucous, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.
According to the Cancer Staging Manual, 7th edition,7 a T2 tumor invades muscularis propria; a T3 tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures; a T4a tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum); and a T4b tumor invades adjacent structures. N0 indicates no regional lymph node metastasis and N+, metastasis in lymph nodes. M0 indicates no distant metastasis and M1, distant metastasis. In the current study, clinical stage I includes T2N0M0; stage II, T2N1M0, T3N0M0, T2N2M0, T3N1M0, and T4aN0M0; and stage III, T2N3M0, T3N2M0, T4aN1M0, T4aN2M0, T4aN3M0, and T3N3M0.