Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Unmatched Sample.
| Characteristic | Overall (N = 52 533) | Community Servings Participation Status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Did Not Participate (n = 51 726) | Participated (n = 807) | P Valuea | SMD | ||
| Distance from Community Servings, mean (SD), kmb | 24.0 (14.1) | 24.1 (13.9) | 16.7 (19.4) | <.001 | 0.44 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 52.3 (14.5) | 52.3 (14.5) | 51.1 (14.8) | .02 | 0.08 |
| Female, No. (%) | 32 230 (61.4) | 31 800 (61.5) | 430 (53.3) | <.001 | 0.17 |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | 0.80 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 5280 (10.1) | 5103 (9.9) | 177 (21.9) | <.001 | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1110 (2.1) | 982 (1.9) | 128 (15.9) | ||
| Hispanic | 498 (0.9) | 453 (0.9) | 45 (5.6) | ||
| Multiracial or other | 173 (0.3) | 158 (0.3) | 15 (1.9) | ||
| Information not provided | 45 472 (86.6) | 45 030 (87.1) | 442 (54.8) | ||
| Insurance, No. (%) | 0.89 | ||||
| Other | 13 994 (26.6) | 13 893 (26.9) | 101 (12.5) | <.001 | |
| Private | 18 940 (36.1) | 18 842 (36.4) | 98 (12.1) | ||
| Medicare | 8142 (15.5) | 7980 (15.4) | 162 (20.1) | ||
| Medicaid | 11 457 (21.8) | 11 011 (21.3) | 446 (55.3) | ||
| Disability status indicator, No. (%) | 1791 (3.4) | 1656 (3.2) | 135 (16.7) | <.001 | 0.67 |
| Experienced triggering event, No. (%)c | 2943 (5.6) | 2637 (5.1) | 306 (38.0) | <.001 | 0.87 |
| No. of visits in past 12 mo, mean (SD) | |||||
| Inpatient | 0.2 (1.1) | 0.2 (0.8) | 1.6 (6.5) | <.001 | 0.31 |
| Skilled nursing facility | 0.3 (3.6) | 0.3 (3.6) | 0.5 (3.0) | .12 | 0.06 |
| Home health | 1.6 (19.4) | 1.4 (18.0) | 16.7 (61.0) | <.001 | 0.34 |
| Total health care costs in past 12 mo, mean (SD), $ | 17 129 (78 816) | 16 138 (68 738) | 80 617 (312 337) | <.001 | 0.29 |
| Comorbidity index, mean (SD)d | 1.0 (2.2) | 0.9 (2.1) | 5.2 (4.2) | <.001 | 1.28 |
| HIV-positive, No. (%) | 541 (1.0) | 364 (0.7) | 177 (21.9) | <.001 | 0.71 |
| History, No. (%) | |||||
| Cancer | 6166 (11.7) | 5860 (11.3) | 306 (37.9) | <.001 | 0.65 |
| End-stage renal disease | 3547 (6.8) | 3244 (6.3) | 303 (37.5) | <.001 | 0.82 |
| Diabetes | 3881 (7.4) | 3609 (7.0) | 272 (33.7) | <.001 | 0.70 |
| Congestive heart failure | 3706 (7.1) | 3426 (6.6) | 280 (34.7) | <.001 | 0.74 |
| % Living in poverty in zip code tabulation area, mean (SD) | 10.2 (7.7) | 10.0 (7.5) | 19.9 (8.8) | <.001 | 1.21 |
Abbreviation: SMD, standardized mean difference.
a
P value determined using t tests for continuous variables or χ2 test for categorical variables.
b
Community Servings, a not-for-profit organization delivering medically tailored meals.
c
An inpatient visit in the 6 months immediately before the index date.
d
Range, −1 to 26, with higher numbers indicating greater burden of comorbidity.