Fig. 5.

PD-L1-expressing liver tumors may benefit more from anti-PD1 therapy. a Effects of anti-PD1 therapy on tumor weight. b Analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells after anti-PD1 therapy. Orthotopic liver tumor samples were collected 5 days after treatment start and the percentage of individual immune cell types was measured by flow cytometry. c Analysis of PD1 expression of tumor-infiltrating immune cells by flow cytometry. d Quantification of tumor cell apoptosis (TUNEL assay), microvessel density (MVD), proliferation (Ki67 staining), and CD8+/CD4+ T-cell infiltration by immunohistochemistry using orthotopic liver tumor samples collected 21 days after treatment start. Values are presented as means ± SD (n = 5 in each group). was set at ** p < 0.01, statistically significant (one-way ANOVA).