Table 1.
Advances in formation of injectable scaffolds for cartilage regeneration
| Formation of hydrogels | Major materials | |
|---|---|---|
| Physically cross-linked hydrogels | Thermosensitive | Pluronics [72] |
| P(NIPAAm) [74] | ||
| PLGA-PEG-PLGA [76] | ||
| CS/GP [88–91] | ||
| Thermosensitive | Gelatin-Pluronic copolymer [79] | |
| CS/hydroxyethyl cellulose [81] | ||
| CS/HA [83] | ||
| pH-responsive | CHS–PEG [94] | |
| Poly(methacrylic acid) [95] | ||
| Ion-responsive | Hyaluronate-g-alginate [96] | |
| Chemically cross-linked hydrogels | Schiff base reaction | CS/aldehyde HA [99] |
| Glycol CS/poly(EO-co-Gly)-CHO [100] | ||
| Click Chemistry | Azadibenzocyclooctyne-modified and azide-modified Dextran [104] | |
| Michael addition reaction | Amino derivative of HA/divinylsulfone [110] | |
| Enzyme-catalyzed cross-linking | Heparin-tyramine/dextran-tyramine/HRP [115] | |
| Photo-cross-linking | Poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate/UV [117] | |
| Sericin methacryloyl/UV [118] | ||
| Methacrylated glycol CS and HA/Visible light [116] |