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Current Indications and Contraindications of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage for Hilar Malignant Biliary Obstruction
| Indications |
| Failed ERCP |
| Surgically altered anatomy i.e., Roux-en-Y reconstruction |
| Failed re-intervention for transpapillary stent occlusion |
| Contraindications |
| Severe coagulopathy |
| Massive ascites |
| Intervening vessels including collateral vessels |
| Unstable conditions unfit for endoscopic procedures |
ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
