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DAMP-triggered immunity in plants. Pathogen invasion disrupts plant cell wall and plasma membrane, leading to the release of DAMPs, including fragments of cell walls and apoplastic proteins, and cytoplasmic components. Perception of DAMPs as well as PAMPs by PRRs in cells surrounding of the damaged cells also promotes the production and release of new DAMPs. These DAMPs collaborating with PAMPs modulate immune responses locally and systemically.
