Table 3. Cross-sectional and Prospective Associations Between Perceived Discrimination and Emotional Well-being Outcomes Among Participants Reporting Poor Eyesight (in Ratings of Overall Eyesight)a.
| Emotional Well-being Outcome | Cross-sectional | Prospective | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Perceived Discrimination (n = 444) | Perceived Discrimination (n = 469) | P Value | No Perceived Discrimination (n = 247) | Perceived Discrimination (n = 316) | P Value | |
| Depressive symptoms above threshold | ||||||
| Mean (SE), % | 22.6 (2.0) | 36.2 (1.9) | <.001 | 20.4 (2.6) | 31.2 (2.2) | .02 |
| OR (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 2.14 (1.57 to 2.92) | 1 [Reference] | 1.72 (1.08 to 2.76) | ||
| Quality of life | ||||||
| Mean score (SE) | 37.46 (0.43) | 33.58 (0.41) | <.001 | 36.76 (0.51) | 36.17 (0.42) | .88 |
| B (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | −4.06 (−5.29 to −2.84) | 1 [Reference] | −0.11 (−1.56 to 1.35) | ||
| Life satisfaction | ||||||
| Mean score (SE) | 19.21 (0.32) | 16.95 (0.31) | <.001 | 18.64 (0.38) | 18.20 (0.32) | .32 |
| B (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | −2.37 (−3.28 to −1.46) | 1 [Reference] | −0.53 (−1.57 to 0.52) | ||
| High loneliness | ||||||
| Mean (SE), % | 27.0 (2.1) | 41.2 (2.0) | <.001 | 27.8 (2.8) | 33.6 (2.4) | .23 |
| OR (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 2.17 (1.61 to 2.92) | 1 [Reference] | 1.38 (0.82 to 2.34) | ||
Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.
a
All figures are weighted for sampling probabilities and differential nonresponse and adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, and wealth. Prospective figures are additionally adjusted for baseline status or score. Possible scores range from 0 to 57 for quality of life and 0 to 30 for life satisfaction.